“…However, in terms of developing models for corrosion initiation, it is important to understand all the pathways to the establishment of stable pits and the mechanisms for those pathways. Recently, Hughes and co-workers reported Metastable Stable Phenomenological Attack descripition Pitting (Chen, Gao et al 1996;Liao, Olive et al 1998) Trenching/S-phase etch [ (Kolics, Besing et al 2001) (Liao, Olive et al 1998;) , (Suter 2001;Blanc, Gastaud et al 2003) Severe pitting (Chen, Gao et al 1996;Liao, Olive et al 1998 Total charge (μC) < 13 (Trueman 2005) to 18 (Pride, Scully et al 1994) > 13 (Trueman 2005) to 18 (Pride, Scully et al 1994) i.r <10 -2 A/cm >10 -2 A/cm (Chen, Gao et al 1996). Hughes et al reported that the early stages of corrosion within these rings is characterised by H 2 evolution and extensive grain boundary attack on the surface which happens prior to, or at the same time as trenching around IM particles ( Figure 11).…”