Mechanistic, Mechanistic-Based Empirical, and Continuum-Based Concepts and Models for the Transport of Polyelectrolyte-Modified Nanoscale Zerovalent Iron (NZVI) in Saturated Porous Media

Time resolved pore scale monitoring of nanoparticle transport in porous media using synchrotron X-ray μ-CT

“…8 This is demonstrated by the plethora of macroscale column and modelling studies performed to date in order to understand and define the critical parameters that control NP transport and retention in porous media (PM). [9][10][11][12] Fluid velocity, NP properties (e.g., size, surface charge) and concentration, and the pore geometry of the PM all influence NP-NP and NP-PM interactions and thus NP retention behaviour. NP transport models have continuously evolved as more understanding has been obtained from studying different types of NPs as well as various PMs and pore geometries.…”

Retention of sulfidated nZVI (S-nZVI) in porous media visualized by X-ray μ-CT – the relevance of pore space geometry

“…1,2 NP release, whether intentionally as for example for soil remediation, 3 or incidentally, as caused by spills 4 or fossil burning, 5 constitute potential risks to human health and the environment. 6,7 A particular concern in NP risk assessment and the use of NPs for soil remediation is the limited understanding of NP retention processes in porous media, [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] which in turn has critically limited accurate prediction of NP mobility in the Earth's subsurface.…”