Mechanistic Insights, Treatment Paradigms, and Clinical Progress in Neurological Disorders: Current and Future Prospects

Abstract

Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) are a major cause of disability and are related to brain development. The neurological signs of brain lesions can vary from mild clinical shortfalls to more delicate and severe neurological/behavioral symptoms and learning disabilities, which are progressive. In this paper, we have tried to summarize a collective view of various NDs and their possible therapeutic outcomes. These diseases often occur as a consequence of the misfolding of proteins post-translation, as well as the dysfunctional trafficking of proteins. In the treatment of neurological disorders, a challenging hurdle to cross regarding drug delivery is the blood–brain barrier (BBB). The BBB plays a unique role in maintaining the homeostasis of the central nervous system (CNS) by exchanging components between the circulations and shielding the brain from neurotoxic pathogens and detrimental compounds. Here, we outline the current knowledge about BBB deterioration in the evolving brain, its origin, and therapeutic interventions. Additionally, we summarize the physiological scenarios of the BBB and its role in various cerebrovascular diseases. Overall, this information provides a detailed account of BBB functioning and the development of relevant treatments for neurological disorders. This paper will definitely help readers working in the field of neurological scientific communities.

Periodontal Pathogens and Their Links to Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration

“…Neurodegenerative diseases are a diverse array of conditions that affect the central and peripheral nervous system and includes Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), multiple sclerosis (MS), amyloid lateral sclerosis (ALS), Huntington’s disease, and various other neurodegenerative disorders [ 133 ]. It is characterized by impaired and eventual loss of neuronal function, often culminating in cognitive decline, intellectual deterioration, and dementia.…”

Neuroprotective effects of gemfibrozil in neurological disorders: Focus on inflammation and molecular mechanisms

“…Neurological disorders (NDs) are clinically characterized as pathologies that influence the cerebrum and the nerves that comprise the central and peripheral neural networks. 1,2 These diseases encompass various ailments: Parkinson's disease (PD), migraine headache, Alzheimer's disease (AD), multiple sclerosis, seizure disorder, as well as cerebrovascular accidents. 3 NDs can cause slow and progressive deformations, leading to the loss of neurons and synapses.…”

Traditional Chinese medicine in treating ischemic stroke by modulating mitochondria: A comprehensive overview of experimental studies

“…The most effective treatment for acute ischemic stroke is reperfusion therapy, which aims to restore blood flow and oxygen levels before neuronal damage occurs. Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) is the only thrombolytic agent approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for patients with acute ischemic stroke ( Alkahtani et al, 2023 ). However, the narrow treatment window and the risk of complications limit its clinical application ( Zhang et al, 2022 ; Li et al, 2022c ).…”