Mechanistic insights into the role of probiotics in modulating immune cells in ulcerative colitis

Abstract

BackgroundUlcerative colitis (UC) is a persistent inflammatory disorder that affects the gastrointestinal tract, mainly the colon, which is defined by inflammatory responses and the formation of ulcers. Probiotics have been shown to directly impact various immune cells, including dendritic cells (DCs), macrophages, natural killer (NK) cells, and T and B cells. By interacting with cell surface receptors, they regulate immune cell activity, produce metabolites that influence immune responses, and control the release of cytokines and chemokines.MethodsThis article is a comprehensive review wherein we conducted an exhaustive search across published literature, utilizing reputable databases like PubMed and Web of Science. Our focus centered on pertinent keywords, such as “UC,” ‘DSS,” “TNBS,” “immune cells,” and “inflammatory cytokines,” to compile the most current insights regarding the therapeutic potential of probiotics in managing UC.ResultsThis overview aims to provide readers with a comprehensive understanding of the effects of probiotics on immune cells in relation to UC. Probiotics have a crucial role in promoting the proliferation of regulatory T cells (Tregs), which are necessary for preserving immunological homeostasis and regulating inflammatory responses. They also decrease the activation of pro‐inflammatory cells like T helper 1 (Th1) and Th17 cells, contributing to UC development. Thus, probiotics significantly impact both direct and indirect pathways of immune cell regulation in UC, promoting Treg differentiation, inhibiting pro‐inflammatory cell activation, and regulating cytokine and chemokine release.ConclusionProbiotics demonstrate significant potential in modulating the immune reactions in UC. Their capacity to modulate different immune cells and inflammation‐related processes makes them a promising therapeutic approach for managing UC. However, further studies are warranted to optimize their use and fully elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying their beneficial effects in UC treatment.

Oral Delivery of Astaxanthin via Carboxymethyl Chitosan-Modified Nanoparticles for Ulcerative Colitis Treatment

“…It is well-known that the immune dysfunction is the root cause of the dominati development of IBD [39]. In murine colitis models, there is an observed increase in t infiltration of monocytes and macrophages into the colon mucosa, which are responsi for the production of various inflammatory mediators [51,52]. In agreement with t previous report, there was a notable increase in the recruitment of neutrophils a macrophages in the colon tissues of the DSS-control group compared to the non-D control group (Figure 6A), indicating severe inflammation in the intestines [5 Numerous reports revealed that by reducing the influx of inflammatory cells into t affected intestinal tissues, the overall inflammatory burden could be significan decreased in DSS-induced colitis [53,54].…”

Lactiplantibacillus plantarum HY7718 Improves Intestinal Integrity in a DSS-Induced Ulcerative Colitis Mouse Model by Suppressing Inflammation through Modulation of the Gut Microbiota

“…Previous studies show that the probiotics L. fermentum , L. gasseri , and L. reuteri not only improve gut barrier function and protect against damage to the colon mucosa but also modulate intestinal immune responses in the DSS-induced colitis model [ 1 , 24 , 25 ]. Research into the effects of probiotics in mouse models of colitis is ongoing; nevertheless, the mechanism by which probiotics support intestinal barrier function is unclear [ 26 ].…”

Gingerenone A Attenuates Ulcerative Colitis via Targeting IL‐17RA to Inhibit Inflammation and Restore Intestinal Barrier Function

“…[ 7 ] Currently, some drugs including aminosalicylic acid, sulfasalazine and immune‐suppressants have been clinically used to treat UC, but these medications can lead to drug tolerance and adverse reactions. [ 8 , 9 ] Therefore, it is urgent to search and develop more effective new drugs for the treatment of colitis.…”