Mechanistic insights into reprogramming to induced pluripotency

Ho, Ritchie; Chronis, Constantinos; Plath, Kathrin

doi:10.1002/jcp.22450

Cited by 49 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 137 publications

(215 reference statements)

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“…Recent reprogramming reviews cover the historic events that led to the iPS cell reprogramming strategy, improved reprogramming methods and disease modeling with iPS cells in depth [35,36]. Notably, new reprogramming methods that convert one differentiated cell into another, without establishing an intermediate pluripotent state (lineage conversion) [37][38][39], point us to alternative approaches of induced cell fate change that we will discuss at the end.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reprogramming to pluripotency: stepwise resetting of the epigenetic landscape

2011

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In 2006, the "wall came down" that limited the experimental conversion of differentiated cells into the pluripotent state. In a landmark report, Shinya Yamanaka's group described that a handful of transcription factors (Oct4, Sox2, Klf4 and c-Myc) can convert a differentiated cell back to pluripotency over the course of a few weeks, thus reprograming them into induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells. The birth of iPS cells started off a rush among researchers to increase the efficiency of the reprogramming process, to reveal the underlying mechanistic events, and allowed the generation of patient-and disease-specific human iPS cells, which have the potential to be converted into relevant specialized cell types for replacement therapies and disease modeling. This review addresses the steps involved in resetting the epigenetic landscape during reprogramming. Apparently, defined events occur during the course of the reprogramming process. Immediately, upon expression of the reprogramming factors, some cells start to divide faster and quickly begin to lose their differentiated cell characteristics with robust downregulation of somatic genes. Only a subset of cells continue to upregulate the embryonic expression program, and finally, pluripotency genes are upregulated establishing an embryonic stem cell-like transcriptome and epigenome with pluripotent capabilities. Understanding reprogramming to pluripotency will inform mechanistic studies of lineage switching, in which differentiated cells from one lineage can be directly reprogrammed into another without going through a pluripotent intermediate.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reprogramming to pluripotency: stepwise resetting of the epigenetic landscape

2011

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“…Following this groundbreaking discovery, iPSCs have been generated in a number of mammalian species, from a wide range of different cell types with efficiencies depending on the differentiation status of the somatic cell source used (2,3). To date, reprogramming to iPSC mainly relies on the use of retroviral delivery methods and is a gradual process occurring over 1-2 weeks in vitro (1, 4 -6).…”

Section: Adult Mammalian Cells Can Be Reprogrammed Into Induced Plurimentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-viral Expression of Mouse Oct4, Sox2, and Klf4 Transcription Factors Efficiently Reprograms Tadpole Muscle Fibers in Vivo

Vivien¹,

Scerbo²,

Girardot

et al. 2012

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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Background: Non-viral generation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) in vitro is generally of low efficiency. Results: In vivo expression of non-integrated transgenes Oct4, Sox2, and Klf4 efficiently reprograms muscle cells. Conclusion: Reprogrammed, undifferentiated cells can be reliably and rapidly produced using naked DNA, exploiting synergy between muscle repair and reprogramming. Significance: In vivo approach throws light on the molecular networks underlying reprogramming, suggesting alternate iPSC generation strategies.

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“…Few of the SSEA1+ cell give rise to reprogrammed cells through the activation of OCT4, SOX2, and NANOG (Ho et al, 2011). Many reports demonstrate their particular expression profiles and genetic screening assays to define their essential roles in maintaining pluripotency in both mice and humans (Schöler et al, 1990; Nichols et al, 1998; Avilion et al, 2003; Chambers et al, 2003, 2007; Mitsui et al, 2003; Boyer et al, 2005; Loh et al, 2006; Takahashi and Yamanaka, 2006; Masui et al, 2007; Wang et al, 2012).…”

Section: Evaluation Of Pluripotency Through Molecular Marker Profilinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Describing the Stem Cell Potency: The Various Methods of Functional Assessment and In silico Diagnostics

Singh

Saini

Kalsan

et al. 2016

Front. Cell Dev. Biol.

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Stem cells are defined by their capabilities to self-renew and give rise to various types of differentiated cells depending on their potency. They are classified as pluripotent, multipotent, and unipotent as demonstrated through their potential to generate the variety of cell lineages. While pluripotent stem cells may give rise to all types of cells in an organism, Multipotent and Unipotent stem cells remain restricted to the particular tissue or lineages. The potency of these stem cells can be defined by using a number of functional assays along with the evaluation of various molecular markers. These molecular markers include diagnosis of transcriptional, epigenetic, and metabolic states of stem cells. Many reports are defining the particular set of different functional assays, and molecular marker used to demonstrate the developmental states and functional capacities of stem cells. The careful evaluation of all these methods could help in generating standard identifying procedures/markers for them.

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Mechanistic insights into reprogramming to induced pluripotency

Cited by 49 publications

References 137 publications

Reprogramming to pluripotency: stepwise resetting of the epigenetic landscape

Reprogramming to pluripotency: stepwise resetting of the epigenetic landscape

Non-viral Expression of Mouse Oct4, Sox2, and Klf4 Transcription Factors Efficiently Reprograms Tadpole Muscle Fibers in Vivo

Describing the Stem Cell Potency: The Various Methods of Functional Assessment and In silico Diagnostics

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