Mechanistic Insight into Orthodontic Tooth Movement Based on Animal Studies: A Critical Review

Jeon, Hyeran Helen; Teixeira, Hellen S.; Tsai, Andrew

doi:10.3390/jcm10081733

Cited by 34 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 130 publications

(78 reference statements)

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“…Mechanical stimulation is an important regulatory factor for bone growth, reconstruction, and metabolism. Number experimental studies have investigated osteogenic effects under mechanical stress ( Chermside-Scabbo et al, 2020 ; Eichholz et al, 2020 ; Jeon et al, 2021 ; Lei et al, 2021 ). The influence of different mechanical forces on bone tissue produces various effects.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Mechanical Stress Stimulation on Function and Expression Mechanism of Osteoblasts

Liu

Wang

et al. 2022

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

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Osteoclasts and osteoblasts play a major role in bone tissue homeostasis. The homeostasis and integrity of bone tissue are maintained by ensuring a balance between osteoclastic and osteogenic activities. The remodeling of bone tissue is a continuous ongoing process. Osteoclasts mainly play a role in bone resorption, whereas osteoblasts are mainly involved in bone remodeling processes, such as bone cell formation, mineralization, and secretion. These cell types balance and restrict each other to maintain bone tissue metabolism. Bone tissue is very sensitive to mechanical stress stimulation. Unloading and loading of mechanical stress are closely related to the differentiation and formation of osteoclasts and bone resorption function as well as the differentiation and formation of osteoblasts and bone formation function. Consequently, mechanical stress exerts an important influence on the bone microenvironment and bone metabolism. This review focuses on the effects of different forms of mechanical stress stimulation (including gravity, continuously compressive pressure, tensile strain, and fluid shear stress) on osteoclast and osteoblast function and expression mechanism. This article highlights the involvement of osteoclasts and osteoblasts in activating different mechanical transduction pathways and reports changings in their differentiation, formation, and functional mechanism induced by the application of different types of mechanical stress to bone tissue. This review could provide new ideas for further microscopic studies of bone health, disease, and tissue damage reconstruction.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Mechanical Stress Stimulation on Function and Expression Mechanism of Osteoblasts

Liu

Wang

et al. 2022

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

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“…Prior to alveolar bone remodeling, a series of complex and coordinated biochemical signals, including inflammatory and hypoxic responses, occur in the local microenvironment [ 3 , 4 ]. When orthodontic force is applied, the periodontal ligament (PDL), a connective tissue located between the alveolar bone and tooth roots [ 5 ], is compressed on the pressure side and stretched on the tension side [ 6 ]. Periodontal ligament cells (PDLCs), which are specific to the PDL and essential for mechanotransduction during periodontal tissue remodeling [ 7 ], experience temporary hypoxia due to reduced blood supply [ 8 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A reduced level of the long non-coding RNA SNHG8 activates the NF-kappaB pathway by releasing functional HIF-1alpha in a hypoxic inflammatory microenvironment

et al. 2022

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Background A series of biochemical responses, including hypoxia and aseptic inflammation, occur in periodontal ligament cells (PDLCs) during periodontal tissue remodeling of orthodontic tooth movement (OTM). However, the role of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) in these responses is still largely unknown. We investigated the role of the lncRNA SNHG8 in hypoxic and inflammatory responses during OTM and explored the underlying mechanisms. Methods The expression pattern of SNHG8, and hypoxic and inflammatory responses under compressive force were analyzed by qRT-PCR, immunohistochemistry, and western blotting, in vivo and in vitro. The effect of overexpression or knockdown of SNHG8 on the nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) pathway was evaluated. RNA sequencing was performed for mechanistic analysis. The interaction between SNHG8 and hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α was studied using catRAPID, RNA immunoprecipitation, and RNA pulldown assays. The effect of the SNHG8–HIF-1α interaction on the NF-κB pathway was determined by western blotting. Results The NF-κB pathway was activated, and HIF-1α release was stabilized, in PDLCs under compressive force as well as in OTM model rats. The SNHG8 level markedly decreased both in vivo and in vitro. Overexpression of SNHG8 decreased the expression levels of inflammatory cytokines, the phosphorylation of p65, and the degradation of IκBα in PDLCs, whereas knockdown of SNHG8 reversed these effects. Mechanically, RNA sequencing showed that differentially expressed genes were enriched in cellular response to hypoxia after SNHG8 overexpression. SNHG8 binds to HIF-1α, thus preventing HIF-1 from activating downstream genes, including those related to the NF-κB pathway. Conclusion SNHG8 binds to HIF-1α. During OTM, the expression of SNHG8 dramatically decreased, releasing free functional HIF-1α and activating the downstream NF-κB pathway. These data suggest a novel lncRNA-regulated mechanism during periodontal tissue remodeling in OTM.

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“…Force applied to the tooth crown is transmitted through the root to the periodontal ligament and the alveolar bone. For tooth displacement, alveolar bone resorption should occur in response to this stress; for the tooth to remain firmly attached, bone deposits should also develop to maintain the integrity of the attachment mechanism [10][11][12][13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pain Perception during Orthodontic Treatment with Fixed Appliances

et al. 2022

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The present study aimed to determine the intensity of pain perception in patients undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment. We analyzed the severity of pain concerning four routine procedures: the placement of separating elastics, ring cementations, arch activations, and elastic tractions. Our study consisted of a sample of 100 patients between 12 and 35 years old during the initial months of orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances. The patients completed a questionnaire meant to assess their pain sensation perception. The study sample was divided according to age and sex. By determining the intensity of pain felt during the four orthodontic procedures, we found that the most painful one was the ring cementation in all four age groups. The therapeutic-arch-activation procedure ranked second, with a higher mean value (2.66) in the 18–24 age group; the least painful was considered the elastic traction procedure, with a higher value (1.33) in the group over 30 years old. The most painful period was during the first 3–4 days after procedures. Most patients showed moderate pain after following the studied orthodontic interventions and required analgesic medication, the most frequently used being Nurofen, ketonal or paracetamol. The level of pain felt was significantly higher in men than in women. Patients suffer differently from the intensity of perceived pain as they grow older.

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Mechanistic Insight into Orthodontic Tooth Movement Based on Animal Studies: A Critical Review

Cited by 34 publications

References 130 publications

Effects of Mechanical Stress Stimulation on Function and Expression Mechanism of Osteoblasts

Effects of Mechanical Stress Stimulation on Function and Expression Mechanism of Osteoblasts

A reduced level of the long non-coding RNA SNHG8 activates the NF-kappaB pathway by releasing functional HIF-1alpha in a hypoxic inflammatory microenvironment

Pain Perception during Orthodontic Treatment with Fixed Appliances

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