Mechanistic Inferences from Clinical Reports of SARS-CoV-2

Jenkins, Meagan M; McCaw, Tyler R.; Goepfert, Paul

doi:10.31219/osf.io/6q5bg

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 52 publications

(63 reference statements)

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“…Markers, such as the increase in C-reactive protein (CRP), D-dimer, and prothrombin time, are important to predict the outcome of the disease ( 9 , 10 ). Also, immunological disorders were observed, such as leukopenia ( 11 , 12 ), as well as a significant increase in serum cytokines levels, such as IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-8 ( 12 , 13 ). Among the altered cytokines, interferons present conflicting results ( 14 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Circulating Type I Interferon Levels and COVID-19 Severity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

et al. 2021

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IntroductionCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections, resulting in a range of clinical manifestations and outcomes. Laboratory and immunological alterations have been considered as potential markers of disease severity and clinical evolution. Type I interferons (IFN-I), mainly represented by IFN-α and β, are a group of cytokines with an important function in antiviral responses and have played a complex role in COVID-19. Some studies have demonstrated that IFN-I levels and interferon response is elevated in mild cases, while other studies have noted this in severe cases. The involvement of IFN-I on the pathogenesis and outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 infection remains unclear. In this study, we summarize the available evidence of the association of plasma protein levels of type I IFN with the severity of COVID-19.MethodsThe PRISMA checklist guided the reporting of the data. A systematic search of the MEDLINE (PubMed), EMBASE, and Web of Science databases was performed up to March of 2021, looking for articles that evaluated plasma protein levels of IFN-I in mild, severe, or critical COVID-19 patients. Comparative meta-analyses with random effects were performed to compare the standardized mean differences in plasma protein levels of IFN-I of mild versus severe and mild versus critical patients. Meta-regressions were performed to test the moderating role of age, sex, time that the IFN-I was measured, and limit of detection of the assay used in the difference between the means.ResultsThere was no significant difference in plasma levels of IFN-α when comparing between mild and severe patients (SMD = -0.236, 95% CI -0.645 to 0.173, p = 0.258, I2 = 82.11), nor when comparing between patients mild and critical (SMD = 0.203, 95% CI -0.363 to 0.770, p = 0.481, I2 = 64.06). However, there was a significant difference between healthy individuals and patients with mild disease (SMD = 0.447, 95% CI 0.085 to 0.810, p = 0.016, I2 = 62.89).ConclusionsPeripheral IFN-α cannot be used as a severity marker as it does not determine the clinical status presented by COVID-19 patients.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Circulating Type I Interferon Levels and COVID-19 Severity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

et al. 2021

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“…Some authors have pointed out that the T cell response may have the leading role in clearing infection [ 42 ]. Although passive antibody transfer may accelerate viral clearance, it is not capable of reversing the lung damage caused by an abundant immune response in severe COVID-19 cases [ 43 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adjunctive treatment with high-titre convalescent plasma in severely and critically ill COVID-19 patients – a safe but futile intervention. A comparative cohort study

Hoepler¹,

Weidner

Traugott³

et al. 2021

Infectious Diseases

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Background Convalescent plasma (CP) containing antibodies derived from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) survivors has been proposed as a promising therapeutic option for severe COVID-19. Methods In our intensive care unit (ICU), 55 patients (46 male, median age 61 years) with PCR-confirmed COVID-19 (35 = 63.6% on mechanical ventilation, 7 = 14.5% on high-flow nasal oxygen, 12 = 20% on non-invasive ventilation, 1 = 1.8% without respiratory support) were treated with high-titre CP (200 mL per dose, range 1–6 doses, median 3 doses per patient, minimum titre > 1:100, Wantai test). 139 COVID-19 patients treated in the same ICU who did not receive CP served as control group. In 27 patients, the effect of CP on the individual levels of SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies was assessed by ELISA in serum sample pairs collected before and after CP transfusion. Results The first CP dose was administered at a median of 8 days after symptom onset. 13 patients in the plasma cohort died (28-day mortality 24.1%), compared to 42 (30.2%) in the cohort who did not receive CP ( p = 0.5, Pearson Chi-squared test). Out of the 27 individuals investigated for the presence of IgG antibodies, 8 did not have detectable IgG levels before the first CP transfusion. In this subpopulation, 3 patients (37.5%) died. Not a single confirmed adverse reaction to CP was noted. Conclusions While adjunctive treatment with CP for severe and life-threatening COVID-19 was a very safe intervention, we did not observe any effect on mortality.

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Mechanistic Inferences from Clinical Reports of SARS-CoV-2

Cited by 2 publications

References 52 publications

Circulating Type I Interferon Levels and COVID-19 Severity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Circulating Type I Interferon Levels and COVID-19 Severity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Adjunctive treatment with high-titre convalescent plasma in severely and critically ill COVID-19 patients – a safe but futile intervention. A comparative cohort study

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