Mechanistic Aspects of Apiaceae Family Spices in Ameliorating Alzheimer’s Disease

Abstract

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is one of the most prevalent neurodegenerative diseases worldwide. In an effort to search for new strategies for treating AD, natural products have become candidates of choice. Plants are a rich source of bioactive and effective compounds used in treating numerous diseases. Various plant extracts are known to display neuroprotective activities by targeting different pathophysiological pathways in association with the diseases, such as inhibiting enzymes responsible for degrading neurotransmitters, reducing oxidative stress, neuroprotection, inhibiting amyloid plaque formation, and replenishing mitochondrial function. This review presented a comprehensive evaluation of the available scientific literature (in vivo, in vitro, and in silico) on the neuroprotective mechanisms displayed by the extracts/bioactive compounds from spices belonging to the Apiaceae family in ameliorating AD.

Exploring Astrodaucus orientalis (L.) Drude: Phytochemical Analysis and its Biological Potential Against Alzheimer's and Diabetes

“…Numerous essential oils have shown promise in inhibiting cholinesterase, a key factor in AD progression. The members of the Apiaceae family have been extensively studied to substantiate their traditional medicinal uses, with a primary emphasis on elucidating their neuroprotective mechanisms [25] …”

“…The members of the Apiaceae family have been extensively studied to substantiate their traditional medicinal uses, with a primary emphasis on elucidating their neuroprotective mechanisms. [25]…”

Antioxidant Activity of Urtica dioica: An Important Property Contributing to Multiple Biological Activities

“…Further, the concentration of reduced GSH and the ratio of GSH/GSSG were found to be significantly increased, which were reduced due to scopolamine treatment [ 75 ]. The authors suggested that the antioxidant effect of UD, especially UDR, may counteract neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease [ 75 , 76 ].…”

Phyto-Carbazole Alkaloids from the Rutaceae Family as Potential Protective Agents against Neurodegenerative Diseases

“…Recently, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved an antibody drug (Aduhelm), which may improve AD symptoms. Yet, all these allopathy drugs have associated side effects, ranging from minor headache to swelling and brain haemorrhaging [3]. In this regard, plants could provide an effective and safer source of bioactive compounds to be used as a drug.…”

“…In this regard, plants could provide an effective and safer source of bioactive compounds to be used as a drug. Researchers have identified several plants with neuroprotective properties, like AChE inhibition, retarding atypical aggregation and scavenging free radicles, which protect against oxidative stress [3][4][5]. Additionally, several bioactive compounds have anti-inflammatory properties and reduce the activity of pro-inflammatory markers (interleukins (IL-6, IL-1β), nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and inflammatory proteins inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)) [3,6].…”