Mechanistic Aspects for the Modulation of Enzyme Reactions on the DNA Scaffold

Abstract

Cells have developed intelligent systems to implement the complex and efficient enzyme cascade reactions via the strategies of organelles, bacterial microcompartments and enzyme complexes. The scaffolds such as the membrane or protein in the cell are believed to assist the co-localization of enzymes and enhance the enzymatic reactions. Inspired by nature, enzymes have been located on a wide variety of carriers, among which DNA scaffolds attract great interest for their programmability and addressability. Integrating these properties with the versatile DNA–protein conjugation methods enables the spatial arrangement of enzymes on the DNA scaffold with precise control over the interenzyme distance and enzyme stoichiometry. In this review, we survey the reactions of a single type of enzyme on the DNA scaffold and discuss the proposed mechanisms for the catalytic enhancement of DNA-scaffolded enzymes. We also review the current progress of enzyme cascade reactions on the DNA scaffold and discuss the factors enhancing the enzyme cascade reaction efficiency. This review highlights the mechanistic aspects for the modulation of enzymatic reactions on the DNA scaffold.

Multienzymatic Cascades and Nanomaterial Scaffolding—A Potential Way Forward for the Efficient Biosynthesis of Novel Chemical Products

“…[17,38,[43][44][45][46] Enzyme enhancement on other nanoscale scaffolding material such as DNA and metal organic frameworks (MOFs) have also been reported. [47][48][49][50] However, here the underlying contributing factors are more complex and appear to be associated with the influence of DNA's strongly charged environment leading to localized sequestration of substrate or intermediaries along with perhaps making the reaction environment more favorable in certain cases. [51,52] There has been, and still continues to be, considerable scientific debate around the origins and complexity surrounding such phenomena.…”

Enzyme Cascade Electrode Reactions with Nanomaterials and Their Applicability towards Biosensor and Biofuel Cells

“…Among the various strategies for the control of spatial position enzymes, DNA is the attractive biocompatible biomaterial used to construct nanoscale engineered structures allowed in various applications [47]. The scaffold DNA sequences have determined many targeted properties to modify the DNA nanostructure via other molecules for introducing DNA-based functional architectures [48][49][50][51][52]. Usually, the DNA scaffold is used to manipulate a biomolecule such as a protein via engrafting to allow for robust molecule access [53].…”