Mechanisms underpinning the permanent muscle damage induced by snake venom metalloprotease

Williams, Harry F.; Mellows, Ben; Mitchell, Robert D.; Layfield, Harry J.; Salamah, Maryam; Vaiyapuri, Rajendran; Bicknell, Andrew B.; Collins‐Hooper, Henry; Patel, Ketan; Vaiyapuri, Sakthivel

doi:10.1016/j.toxicon.2018.11.360

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…4 a). Metalloproteases are important venom components of most venomous animals including cnidarians, where they can cause tissue degradation [ 31 , 72 , 91 ]. Metalloproteases, mostly belonging to the Astacin-like family, have previously been detected in the soluble nematocyst content of jellyfish, Hydra, sea anemones and corals [ 32 , 48 , 57 , 65 , 76 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A tentacle for every occasion: comparing the hunting tentacles and sweeper tentacles, used for territorial competition, in the coral Galaxea fascicularis

et al. 2020

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Background Coral reefs are among the most diverse, complex and densely populated marine ecosystems. To survive, morphologically simple and sessile cnidarians have developed mechanisms to catch prey, deter predators and compete with adjacent corals for space, yet the mechanisms underlying these functions are largely unknown. Here, we characterize the histology, toxic activity and gene expression patterns in two different types of tentacles from the scleractinian coral Galaxea fascilcularis – catch tentacles (CTs), used to catch prey and deter predators, and sweeper tentacles (STs), specialized tentacles used for territorial aggression. Results STs exhibit more mucocytes and higher expression of mucin genes than CTs, and lack the ectodermal cilia used to deliver food to the mouth and remove debris. STs and CTs also express different sensory rhodopsin-like g-protein coupled receptors, suggesting they may employ different sensory pathways. Each tentacle type has a different complement of stinging cells (nematocytes), and the expression in the two tentacles of genes encoding structural nematocyte proteins suggests the stinging cells develop within the tentacles. CTs have higher neurotoxicity to blowfly larvae and hemolytic activity compared to the STs, consistent with a role in prey capture. In contrast, STs have higher phospholipase A2 activity, which we speculate may have a role in inducing tissue damage during territorial aggression. The expression of genes encoding cytolytic toxins (actinoporins) and phospholipases also differs between the tentacle types. Conclusions These results show that the same organism utilizes two distinct tentacle types, each equipped with a different venom apparatus and toxin composition, for prey capture and defense and for territorial aggression.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A tentacle for every occasion: comparing the hunting tentacles and sweeper tentacles, used for territorial competition, in the coral Galaxea fascicularis

et al. 2020

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“…from North and Central Americas are more abundant and have been widely investigated. These studies have shown hemostatic effects such as fibrino(geno)lytic and inhibition of platelet aggregation activities as well as local hemorrhage caused by degradation of the capillary basement membrane and muscle damage with lower regeneration [91][92][93]. As C. d. ruruima venom composition differs from other more prevalent C. durissus subspecies envenomings, an antivenom based on oligoclonal mixtures of antibodies could be a strategy to improve treatment.…”

Section: Snake Venom Metalloproteases (Svmps)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, although the low abundance of SVMP found in C. d. ruruima venom can be associated with rare cases of local sequelae, this group of toxins could be an additional factor for local injury as observed for North American Crotalus spp. venoms [93].…”

Section: Local Complications Such As Secondary Infections and Compartment Syndrome Seem To Appear At Very Low Frequency Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although their biological activities have not been investigated, SVMP found in North-America in Crotalus venoms have been described as inducing local hemorrhage through vessel basement membrane degradation [93], as also observed in Bothrops species [143]. Considering its abundance in C. d. ruruima compared to other venoms, this group of toxins could be associated with the high frequency of bleeding events in patients from Roraima state.…”

Section: Coagulation Disordersmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Crotalus Durissus Ruruima: Current Knowledge on Natural History, Medical Importance, and Clinical Toxinology

Pucca¹,

Bernarde²,

Rocha³

et al. 2021

Prime Archives in Immunology

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Crotalus durissus ruruima is a rattlesnake subspecies mainly found in Roraima, the northernmost state of Brazil. Envenomings caused by this subspecies lead to severe clinical manifestations (e.g. respiratory muscle paralysis, rhabdomyolysis, and acute renal failure) that can lead to the victim's death. In this review we comprehensively describe C. d. ruruima biology and the challenges this subspecies poses for human health, including morphology, distribution, epidemiology, venom cocktail, clinical envenoming, and the current and future specific treatment of envenomings by this snake. Moreover, this review presents maps of the distribution of the snake subspecies and evidence that this species is responsible Prime Archives in Immunology: 2 nd Edition 4 www.videleaf.com for some of the most severe envenomings in the country and causes the highest lethality rates. Finally, we also discuss the efficacy of the Brazilian horse-derived antivenoms to treat C. d. ruruima envenomings in Roraima state.

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Toxins profiles, toxicological properties, and histological alteration potentiality of Trimeresurus erythrurus venom: In vitro and in vivo experiments

Haidar,

Chowdhury,

Miah

et al. 2024

Journal of King Saud University - Science

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Mechanisms underpinning the permanent muscle damage induced by snake venom metalloprotease

Cited by 3 publications

References 24 publications

A tentacle for every occasion: comparing the hunting tentacles and sweeper tentacles, used for territorial competition, in the coral Galaxea fascicularis

A tentacle for every occasion: comparing the hunting tentacles and sweeper tentacles, used for territorial competition, in the coral Galaxea fascicularis

Crotalus Durissus Ruruima: Current Knowledge on Natural History, Medical Importance, and Clinical Toxinology

Toxins profiles, toxicological properties, and histological alteration potentiality of Trimeresurus erythrurus venom: In vitro and in vivo experiments

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