Mechanisms underlying the beneficial effect of a speaker’s gestures on the listener

Ianì, Francesco; Bucciarelli, Monica

doi:10.1016/j.jml.2017.05.004

Cited by 28 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 73 publications

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“…Overall, the results of Ianì and Bucciarelli (2017) have supported the assumption that the listener's motor system plays a pivotal role in the EPTs enactment effect, specifically in the formation of memory traces at encoding. A still unexplored question is whether the motor system does play a similar role in the recall of memory traces at retrieval as well.…”

supporting

confidence: 65%

“…The participants in the experiments, as the participants in Experiment 1 by Ianì and Bucciarelli (2017), watched and listened to a series of videos in two conditions: in the gesture condition the actress accompanied the phrase with a pantomime and in the no-gesture condition the actress kept her hands and arms still. After having watched each series of videos, the participants were invited to recall the phrases.…”

Section: Experiments 1a and 1b: Eliciting Arms' Movements During Recamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Exploiting this cortical somatotopic organization deriving from action observation, Ping, Goldin-Meadow and Beilock (2014) have found that the listener's motor system is also involved in gesture understanding. This evidence motivated Ianì and Bucciarelli (2017) to investigate the role of the motor system in the EPTs' enactment effect, assuming that it relies on the beneficial role gestures have in the construction of a mental model of learned material through the exploitation of the motor system.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Participants were presented with the same experimental material as in Ianì and Bucciarelli (2017), who already demonstrated that the speaker's enactment of phrases improved memory in listeners keeping their hands and arms still during recall but not in those who moved their arms and hands during recall. We refer to our studies as Experiments 1a and 1b to stress that although they were conducted to test our hypotheses, they were not run simultaneously.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Relevance of the listener’s motor system in recalling phrases enacted by the speaker

Ianì

Bucciarelli

2018

Memory

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Memory for series of action phrases improves in listeners when speakers accompany each phrase with congruent gestures compared to when speakers stay still. Studies reveal that the listeners' motor system, at encoding, plays a crucial role in this enactment effect. We present two experiments on gesture observation, which explored the role of the listeners' motor system at recall. The participants listened to the phrases uttered by a speaker in two conditions in each experiment. In the gesture condition, the speaker uttered the phrases with accompanying congruent gestures, and in the no-gesture condition, the speaker stayed still while uttering the phrases. The participants were then invited, in both conditions of the experiments, to perform a motor task while recalling the phrases proffered by the speaker. The results revealed that the advantage of observing gestures on memory disappears if the listeners move at recall arms and hands (same motor effectors moved by the speaker, Experiment 1a), but not when the listeners move legs and feet (different motor effectors from those moved by the speaker, Experiment 1b). The results suggest that the listeners' motor system is involved not only during the encoding of action phrases uttered by a speaker but also when recalling these phrases during retrieval.

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supporting

confidence: 65%

Section: Experiments 1a and 1b: Eliciting Arms' Movements During Recamentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Relevance of the listener’s motor system in recalling phrases enacted by the speaker

Ianì

Bucciarelli

2018

Memory

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“…Motor engagement during learning may activate and recruit aspects of the nondeclarative memory system (e.g., procedural memory) that support motor and cognitive skill and knowledge (Knowlton, Mangels, & Squire, ; Knowlton & Moody, ). Indeed, the beneficial effects of hand gesture observation on memory go away when the hands are engaged in an unrelated motor task (Ianì & Bucciarelli, ). Hand gestures also occur below awareness; individuals are often unaware of their own gestures and the gestures produced by others.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hand gestures support word learning in patients with hippocampal amnesia

2018

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Co-speech hand gesture facilitates learning and memory, yet the cognitive and neural mechanisms supporting this remain unclear. One possibility is that motor information in gesture may engage procedural memory representations. Alternatively, iconic information from gesture may contribute to declarative memory representations mediated by the hippocampus. To investigate these alternatives, we examined gesture's effects on word learning in patients with hippocampal damage and declarative memory impairment, with intact procedural memory, and in healthy and in brain-damaged comparison groups. Participants learned novel label-object pairings while producing gesture, observing gesture, or observing without gesture. After a delay, recall and object identification were assessed. Unsurprisingly, amnesic patients were unable to recall the labels at test. However, they correctly identified objects at above chance levels, but only if they produced a gesture at encoding. Comparison groups performed well above chance at both recall and object identification regardless of gesture. These findings suggest that gesture production may support word learning by engaging nondeclarative (procedural) memory.

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Memory distortions: When suggestions cannot be easily ignored

Cabalo

Ianì

Bilge

et al. 2019

Applied Cognitive Psychology

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In the present study, the persistence of personal false memories (FM) after social feedback that denies their truth was assessed with a procedure similar to Nash, Wade and Lindsay (2009b). Participants imitated actions performed by the experimenter (Session 1) and watched a doctored video with performed and critical "fake" actions (Session 2), followed by a memory rating and a recognition task. A few days later (Session 3) participants were clearly told that some memories were false and received daily reminders of the correct list of objects/actions before testing their memory again in Session 4. Results of both memory ratings and recognition indicated effective FM implantation. Interestingly, response times for correct rejections were longer for fake than true objects, suggesting participants struggled to ignore false suggestions. Crucial for our aim, Session 4 showed that FM persisted also after the debriefing and repeated presentations of correct list of objects/actions, suggesting that FM for actions are rather difficult to discard.

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Mechanisms underlying the beneficial effect of a speaker’s gestures on the listener

Cited by 28 publications

References 73 publications

Relevance of the listener’s motor system in recalling phrases enacted by the speaker

Relevance of the listener’s motor system in recalling phrases enacted by the speaker

Hand gestures support word learning in patients with hippocampal amnesia

Memory distortions: When suggestions cannot be easily ignored

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