Mechanisms Underlying Neurologic Injury in Intrauterine Growth Restriction

Wan, Lijia; Luo, Kaiju; Chen, Ping-Yang

doi:10.1177/0883073821999896

Cited by 12 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 99 publications

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“…Oxidative stress following gestational hypoxia is an important mechanism for fetal growth restriction and impaired motor responses after birth (Wan et al., 2021). The results of this research showed that pregnancy hypoxia increased oxidative stress.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of MEPaL on oxidative stress and motor function in the rats affected by prenatal hypoxia

Nasri,

Ghotbeddin,

Rahimi

et al. 2024

Brain and Behavior

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Background and objectivesMaternal hypoxia disrupts neural development and subsequently leads to cerebral palsy and epilepsy in newborns. Hypoxia plays a role in neurodegeneration by increasing oxidative stress. Pistacia atlantica is known as an important antioxidant, and its anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant effects have been shown in various studies. This study aims to investigate the effects of methanolic extract of P. atlantica leaves (MEPaLs) on the oxidative parameters in the serum of rats affected by maternal hypoxia.Material and methodsIn this study, eight pregnant rats were used. The newborns were divided into four groups, including the control and the hypoxia groups, which are affected by maternal hypoxia, hypoxia + MEPaL 100 mg/kg, and hypoxia + MEPaL 150 mg/kg. MEPaL was injected (i.p) for 21 days into the neonatal rats after the lactation period. Hypoxia was induced by keeping pregnant rats in a hypoxic chamber with 7% oxygen and 93% nitrogen intensity for 3 h on the 20th day of pregnancy. Behavioral changes were measured using open‐field and rotarod tests. Finally, biomarkers of oxidative stress, nitric oxide (NO), glutathione (GSH), GSSG, TAS, TOS, and oxidative stress index (OSI) were measured in the experimental groups.ResultsBehavioral results showed that the anxiety behavior in the hypoxia group increased, but the motor activity (moved distance and movement speed) decreased. Moreover, the amount of time spent maintaining balance on the rotarod rod was significantly decreased in the hypoxia group. The concentration of NO in the group of hypoxia + MEPaL 100 mg/kg showed a significant decrease, and MEPaL 100, and 150 mg/kg + hypoxia also increased the concentration of GSH and decreased GSSG. In addition, MEPaL100 and 150 mg/kg caused a significant increase in the ratio of GSH to GSSG and decreased OSI and total oxidant capacity.ConclusionsOxidative stress increased in the rats affected by maternal hypoxia and may be the main mechanism for motor activity impairment and balance disturbance, whereas MELaL improved motor performance by decreasing oxidative stress.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of MEPaL on oxidative stress and motor function in the rats affected by prenatal hypoxia

Nasri,

Ghotbeddin,

Rahimi

et al. 2024

Brain and Behavior

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“…Indeed, intrauterine chronic hypoxia is associated with a reduction in cortical grey and white matter [150], accompanied by a larger depth of the Sylvian fissure. Areas more sensitive to hypoxia include the hippocampus, amygdala, basal ganglia, thalamus, and cortical areas [151].…”

Section: Fetal Growth Restriction: Model Of Reduced Nutrient Supplymentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Maternal Environment and Inflammation on Fetal Neurodevelopment

Lubrano,

Parisi,

Cetin

2024

Antioxidants

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During intrauterine life, external stimuli including maternal nutrition, lifestyle, socioeconomic conditions, anxiety, stress, and air pollution can significantly impact fetal development. The human brain structures begin to form in the early weeks of gestation and continue to grow and mature throughout pregnancy. This review aims to assess, based on the latest research, the impact of environmental factors on fetal and neonatal brain development, showing that oxidative stress and inflammation are implied as a common factor for most of the stressors. Environmental insults can induce a maternal inflammatory state and modify nutrient supply to the fetus, possibly through epigenetic mechanisms, leading to significant consequences for brain morphogenesis and neurological outcomes. These risk factors are often synergic and mutually reinforcing. Fetal growth restriction and preterm birth represent paradigms of intrauterine reduced nutrient supply and inflammation, respectively. These mechanisms can lead to an increase in free radicals and, consequently, oxidative stress, with well-known adverse effects on the offspring’s neurodevelopment. Therefore, a healthy intrauterine environment is a critical factor in supporting normal fetal brain development. Hence, healthcare professionals and clinicians should implement effective interventions to prevent and reduce modifiable risk factors associated with an increased inflammatory state and decreased nutrient supply during pregnancy.

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“…However, the causes of such impairment remain to be fully understood. Numerous studies have demonstrated that neuroinflammation and decreases in hippocampal neurons are two important mechanisms underlying cognitive impairment following IUGR [ [4] , [5] , [6] ]. Although additional research indicates that decreases in neuronal number in the hippocampus with low protein diet-induced IUGR are related to apoptosis [ 7 ], whether they are related to pyroptosis remains to be determined.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms Underlying Neurologic Injury in Intrauterine Growth Restriction

Cited by 12 publications

References 99 publications

The effects of MEPaL on oxidative stress and motor function in the rats affected by prenatal hypoxia

The effects of MEPaL on oxidative stress and motor function in the rats affected by prenatal hypoxia

Impact of Maternal Environment and Inflammation on Fetal Neurodevelopment

Docosahexaenoic acid improves cognition and hippocampal pyroptosis in rats with intrauterine growth restriction

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