Mechanisms Underlying Development of Visual Maps and Receptive Fields

Huberman, Andrew D.; Feller, Marla B.; Chapman, Barbara

doi:10.1146/annurev.neuro.31.060407.125533

Cited by 558 publications

(645 citation statements)

References 192 publications

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“…Synaptic inputs from the ipsilateral and contralateral eyes compete for territory [30][31][32][33]. To achieve mature projection patterns, synaptic remodeling occurs, including synapse elimination as well as stabilization and elaboration of remaining synapses [34,35]. Using high-resolution imaging, microglia were found to engulf presynaptic inputs from both eyes during a peak period in early postnatal synapse remodeling within the LGN [postnatal day 5 (P5)] compared with older ages (P9 and P30) (Fig.…”

Section: Synaptic Pruning and Neuronal Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuroinflammation: Ways in Which the Immune System Affects the Brain

et al. 2015

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Neuroinflammation is the response of the central nervous system (CNS) to disturbed homeostasis and typifies all neurological diseases. The main reactive components of the CNS include microglial cells and infiltrating myeloid cells, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and the blood-brain b a r r i e r , c y t o k i n e s , a n d c y t o k i n e s i g n a l i n g . Neuroinflammatory responses may be helpful or harmful, as mechanisms associated with neuroinflammation are involved in normal brain development, as well as in neuropathological processes. This review examines the roles of various cell types that contribute to the immune dysregulation associated with neuroinflammation. Microglia enter the CNS very early in embryonic development and, as such, play an essential role in both the healthy and diseased brain. B-cell diversity contributes to CNS disease through both antibody-dependent and antibody-independent mechanisms. The influences of these B-cell mechanisms on other cell types, including myeloid cells and T cells, are reviewed in relationship to antibody-mediated CNS disorders, paraneoplastic neurological diseases, and multiple sclerosis. New insights into neuroinflammation offer exciting opportunities to investigate potential therapeutic targets for debilitating CNS diseases.

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Section: Synaptic Pruning and Neuronal Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuroinflammation: Ways in Which the Immune System Affects the Brain

et al. 2015

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“…Active whisking behavior emerges at 2 weeks (Landers and Philip Zeigler, 2006), after the S1 map formation, suggesting that, as in the visual system (Huberman et al, 2008), early spontaneous activity contributing to S1 map development may be generated before active whisking. Interestingly spontaneous 10 Hz spindles were recorded in newborn rat S1 cortex (Khazipov et al, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Early Development of the Thalamic Inhibitory Feedback Loop in the Primary Somatosensory System of the Newborn Mice

Evrard¹,

Ropert²

2009

J. Neurosci.

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Spontaneous neuronal activity plays an important role during the final development of the brain circuits and the formation of the primary sensory maps. In young rats, spindle bursts have been recorded in the primary somatosensory cortex. They are correlated with spontaneous muscle twitches and occur before active whisking. They bear similarities with the spindles recorded in adult brain that occur during early stages of sleep and rely on a thalamic feedback loop between the glutamatergic nucleus ventroposterior medialis (nVPM) and the GABAergic nucleus reticularis thalami (nRT). However, whether a functional nVPM-nRT loop exists in newborn rodents is unknown. We studied the reciprocal synaptic connections between nVPM and nRT in thalamic acute slices from mice from birth [postnatal day 0 (P0)] until P9. We first demonstrated that nVPM-to-nRT EPSCs could be distinguished from corticothalamic EPSCs by their inhibition by 5-HT attributable to the transient expression of functional presynaptic serotonin 1B receptors. The nVPM-to-nRT EPSCs and nRT-to-nVPMIPSCs were both detected the first day after birth; their amplitude near 2 nS was relatively stable until P5. At P6 -P7, there was a rapid and simultaneous increase of both nVPM-to-nRT EPSCs and nRT-to-nVPM IPSCs that reached 8 and 9 nS, respectively. Our results show that the thalamic synapses implicated in spindle activity are functional shortly after birth, suggesting that they could already generate spindles during the first postnatal week. Our results also suggest an inhibitory action of 5-HT on the spindle bursts of the newborn mice.

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“…Indeed, excessive axonal arbor growth has been shown to perturb visually guided behavior (Smear et al, 2007). Molecular axon guidance cues and neural activity are both required for generating precise retinotectal connectivity, but the relative contribution that each of these make to axon arbor development is not well understood (Ruthazer and Cline, 2004;Huberman et al, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synaptic Activity and Activity-Dependent Competition Regulates Axon Arbor Maturation, Growth Arrest, and Territory in the Retinotectal Projection

Fredj¹,

Hammond²,

Otsuna³

et al. 2010

J. Neurosci.

116

130

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In the retinotectal projection, synapses guide retinal ganglion cell (RGC) axon arbor growth by promoting branch formation and by selectively stabilizing branches. To ask whether presynaptic function is required for this dual role of synapses, we have suppressed presynaptic function in single RGCs using targeted expression of tetanus toxin light-chain fused to enhanced green fluorescent protein (TeNT-Lc:EGFP). Time-lapse imaging of singly silenced axons as they arborize in the tectum of zebrafish larvae shows that presynaptic function is not required for stabilizing branches or for generating an arbor of appropriate complexity. However, synaptic activity does regulate two distinct aspects of arbor development. Although expansion of arbor territory is prevented when neighbors are silent, formation of transient filopodia is not. These results suggest that synaptic activity by itself regulates filopodia formation regardless of activity in neighboring cells but that the ability to arrest growth and focusing of axonal arbors in the target is an activity-dependent, competitive process.

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Mechanisms Underlying Development of Visual Maps and Receptive Fields

Cited by 558 publications

References 192 publications

Neuroinflammation: Ways in Which the Immune System Affects the Brain

Neuroinflammation: Ways in Which the Immune System Affects the Brain

Early Development of the Thalamic Inhibitory Feedback Loop in the Primary Somatosensory System of the Newborn Mice

Synaptic Activity and Activity-Dependent Competition Regulates Axon Arbor Maturation, Growth Arrest, and Territory in the Retinotectal Projection

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