Mechanisms underlying attraction to odors in walking Drosophila

Tao, Liangyu; Ozarkar, Siddhi; Bhandawat, Vikas

doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1007718

Cited by 17 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 54 publications

(83 reference statements)

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“…Flies expressing CsChrimson and fed the obligate cofactor all- trans -retinal showed lower PER levels in the presence of red light than genetically identical controls which were not fed retinal, demonstrating that manipulating the level of olfactory input can modulate sucrose sensitivity in either direction (Figure 2E). Interestingly, previous work indicates that activating all Orco ORNs carries a positive valence 21 . Thus, we expect that our results are not from a generalized effect on hedonics or a biased cognitive state 22 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modulation of taste sensitivity by the olfactory system in Drosophila

Junca

Stanley

Musso

et al. 2021

Preprint

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An animal's sensory percepts are not raw representations of the outside world. Rather, they are constructs influenced by many factors including the species, past experiences, and internal states. One source of perceptual variability that has fascinated researchers for decades is the effect of losing one sensory modality on the performance of another. Typically, dysfunction of one sense has been associated with elevated function of others, creating a type of sensory homeostasis. For example, people with vision loss have been reported to demonstrate enhanced tactile and auditory functions, and deafness has been associated with heightened attention to visual inputs for communication. By contrast, smell and taste - the two chemosensory modalities - are so intrinsically linked in their contributions to flavor that loss of smell is often anecdotally reported as leading to deficiencies in taste. However, human studies specifically examining taste are mixed and generally do not support this widely-held belief, and data from animal models is largely lacking. Here, we examine the impact of olfactory dysfunction on taste sensitivity in Drosophila melanogaster. We find that partial loss of olfactory input (hyposmia) dramatically enhances flies' sensitivity to both appetitive (sugar, low salt) and aversive (bitter, high salt) tastes. This taste enhancement is starvation-independent and occurs following suppression of either first- or second-order olfactory neurons. Moreover, optogenetically increasing olfactory inputs reduces taste sensitivity. Finally, we observed that taste enhancement is not encoded in the activity of peripheral gustatory sensory neurons, but is associated with elevated sugar responses in protocerebrum anterior medial (PAM) dopaminergic neurons of the mushroom bodies. These results suggest a level of homeostatic control over chemosensation, where flies compensate for lack of olfactory input by increasing the salience of taste information.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modulation of taste sensitivity by the olfactory system in Drosophila

Junca

Stanley

Musso

et al. 2021

Preprint

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“…To gain more insight into the strategies used by larvae to remain inside the patch, we studied the distribution of turns in the food-no food interface. First, we labeled each turn as inwards or outwards depending on whether they were oriented towards or away from the patch center (Tao et al, 2020) (Fig. 3I, left).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The following angles are then computed (Fig. 3I left): and the turn at is classified as inwards (outwards) if θ 2 < θ 1 ( θ 2 > θ 1 ) (Tao et al, 2020).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license made available under a (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is The copyright holder for this preprint this version posted June 21, 2021. ; https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.06.21.449222 doi: bioRxiv preprint and the turn at ⃗ ( + ) is classified as inwards (outwards) if , < ' ( , > ' ) (Tao et al, 2020).…”

Section: Descriptive Statistics Of Larval Trajectorymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Adaptation of Drosophila larva foraging in response to changes in food distribution

Wosniack

Gjorgjieva

et al. 2021

Preprint

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When foraging, animals combine internal cues and sensory input from their environment to guide sequences of behavioral actions. Drosophila larva executes crawls, turns, and pauses to explore the substrate and find food sources. This exploration has to be flexible in the face of changes in the quality of food so that larvae feed in patches with favorable food and look for another source when the current location does not fulfill their nutritional needs. But which behavioral elements adapt, and what triggers those changes remain elusive. Using experiments and modeling, we investigate the foraging behavior of larvae in homogeneous environments with different food types and in environments where the food sources are patchy. Our work indicates that the speed of larval crawling and frequency of pauses is modulated by the food quality. Interestingly, we found that the genetic dimorphism in the foraging gene influences the exploratory behavior only when larvae crawl on yeast patches. While in a homogeneous substrate larvae maintain a turning bias in a specific orientation, in a patchy substrate larvae orient themselves towards the food when the patch border is reached. Therefore, by adapting different elements in their foraging behavior, larvae either increase the time inside nutritious food patches or continue exploring the substrate in less nutritious environments.

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“…After landing [31], the fly enters its third phase, local search. Now travelling on foot, the fly continues using odors to navigate the patchiness [32][33][34], as cracks in the skin serve as entry points, whereas mold renders portions too toxic [35]. After tasting some nutrients, the fly enters its final-nutrient driven-search phase, characterized by a so-called "dance" that is largely driven by idiothetic cues [36][37][38].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlated decision making across multiple phases of olfactory guided search in Drosophila

Breugel

2020

Preprint

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All motile organisms must search for food, often requiring the exploration of heterogeneous environments across a wide range of spatial scales. Recent field and laboratory experiments with the fruit fly, Drosophila, have revealed that they employ different strategies across these regimes, including kilometer scale straight-path flights between resource clusters, zig-zagging trajectories to follow odor plumes, and local search on foot after landing. However, little is known about the extent to which experiences in one regime might influence decisions in another. To determine how a flies' odor plume tracking during flight is related to their behavior after landing, I tracked the behavior of individually labelled fruit flies as they explored an array of three odor emitting, but food-barren, objects. The distance flies travelled on the objects in search of food was correlated with the time elapsed between their visits, suggesting that their in-flight plume tracking and on-foot local search behaviors are interconnected through a lossy memory-like process.

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Mechanisms underlying attraction to odors in walking Drosophila

Cited by 17 publications

References 54 publications

Modulation of taste sensitivity by the olfactory system in Drosophila

Modulation of taste sensitivity by the olfactory system in Drosophila

Adaptation of Drosophila larva foraging in response to changes in food distribution

Correlated decision making across multiple phases of olfactory guided search in Drosophila

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