Mechanisms of ultraviolet‐induced melasma formation: A review

Yang, Jian; Zeng, Jinrong; Lu, Jianyun

doi:10.1111/1346-8138.16542

Cited by 12 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 82 publications

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“…Oxidative stress has been linked to compromised epidermal permeability barrier in some cutaneous conditions such as dermatitis and UV irradiation ( Rojo de la Vega et al, 2017 ; Bertino et al, 2020 ; Yang et al, 2022 ). Accordingly, administrations of antioxidants improve epidermal permeability barrier function ( Kuriyama et al, 2002 ; Masaki, 2010 ; Campos et al, 2014 ).…”

Section: Mechanisms By Which Natural Ingredients Improve Epidermal Pe...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Benefits of topical natural ingredients in epidermal permeability barrier

Lei,

Liu,

Zhang

et al. 2024

Front. Physiol.

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Because of the crucial role of epidermal permeability barrier in regulation of cutaneous and extracutaneous functions, great efforts have been made to identify and develop the regimens that can improve epidermal permeability barrier function. Studies have demonstrated that oral administration of natural ingredients can improve epidermal permeability barrier in various skin conditions, including inflammatory dermatoses and UV-irradiation. Moreover, topical applications of some natural ingredients can also accelerate the repair of epidermal permeability barrier after acute barrier disruption and lower transepidermal water loss in the intact skin. Natural ingredient-induced improvements in epidermal permeability barrier function can be attributable to upregulation of keratinocyte differentiation, lipid production, antioxidant, hyaluronic acid production, expression of aquaporin 3 and sodium-hydrogen exchanger 1. In this review, we summarize the benefits of topical natural ingredients in epidermal permeability barrier in normal skin with or without acute barrier disruption and the underlying mechanisms.

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Section: Mechanisms By Which Natural Ingredients Improve Epidermal Pe...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Benefits of topical natural ingredients in epidermal permeability barrier

Lei,

Liu,

Zhang

et al. 2024

Front. Physiol.

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“…Persons living in the tropical regions of the Americas often develop melasma because of the greater UV radiation. 14 Melasmic pigmentation often diminishes during the winter and increases during the summer or intense sun exposure. One study showed that the use of a broad-spectrum sunscreen can reduce the incidence of melasma by almost 50% during pregnancy.…”

Section: Ultraviolet and Visible Light Exposurementioning

confidence: 99%

New Mechanistic Insights of Melasma

Liu¹,

Chen²,

Xia³

2023

CCID

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Melasma is a common acquired disorder of pigmentation that negatively impacts quality of life. Present treatments show poor therapeutic effect with frequent recurrence. This in large part is due to the currently limited understanding of the disease's etiology. It is urgent to elucidate the pathogenesis of melasma to further the discovery of new therapeutic strategies. Recent studies show that melasma is triggered or aggravated by a variety of factors, including genetic susceptibility, ultraviolet radiation, and sex hormone dysregulation. Ultraviolet B radiation upregulates the expression of several melanocyte-specific genes and stimulates the release of key factors that participate in the synthesis of melanin. There is a significant increase in melanin in both the epidermal and dermal layers of affected skin, possibly due to abnormalities in crosstalk between the melanocytes and other cells. Melanogenesis is regulated through various signaling networks including the Wnt/β-catenin, PI3K/Akt, cAMP/PKA, and SCF/c-kit-mediated signaling pathways. In addition, inflammatory mediators, oxidative stress, neuroactive molecules, sebocytes, etc, have also been proved to be related to the pathogenesis of melasma. This review provides a comprehensive update on the current understanding of the pathogenesis of melasma.

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“…The skin is directly exposed to UV radiation, thus enduring a heightened ROS load and accumulating more somatic mutations 3,4 . Acute UV exposure results in erythema and skin darkening, while chronic UV exposure leads to skin pigmentation disorders and various signs of photoaging, such as erythema, hyperkeratosis, solar lentigo, melasma, wrinkles and laxity 5–7 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…leads to skin pigmentation disorders and various signs of photoaging, such as erythema, hyperkeratosis, solar lentigo, melasma, wrinkles and laxity. [5][6][7] Maintaining stable cellular redox homeostasis is crucial for mitigating the cascade of UV-induced damage at an early stage. This is accomplished through the cellular antioxidant network, which includes enzymatic antioxidants such as catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and thioredoxin reductase (TRX), as well as nonenzymatic antioxidants like glutathione (GSH), vitamin C and vitamin E. 2 The tripeptide GSH plays a central role in scavenging ROS, regenerating other antioxidants and acting as a cofactor in the GSH and thioredoxin systems.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Glutathione amino acid precursors protect skin from UVB‐induced damage and improve skin tone

Cui,

Mi,

Zhang

et al. 2024

Acad Dermatol Venereol

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BackgroundUV radiation exposure causes skin irritation, erythema, darkening and barrier disruption by inducing oxidative stress and inflammation. Glutathione, a master antioxidant, plays an important role in the antioxidant defence network of the skin.ObjectiveThis study aimed to assess the in vitro protective effects of the glutathione amino acid precursors blend (GAP) on transcriptomic and phenotypic endpoints against UVB‐induced challenges.MethodsNormal human epidermal melanocytes (NHEMs) were exposed to GAP, ascorbic acid (AA) and its derivatives. Viability was assessed using the CCK8 method. Melakutis®, a pigmented living skin equivalent (pLSE) model, underwent repeated 50 mJ/cm2 UVB irradiation with or without GAP treatment. Images of the model were captured with consistent camera parameters, and the model's light intensity was measured using a spectrophotometer. Melanin content was determined by measuring absorbance at 405 nm. Confirmation of melanin deposition and distribution was achieved through Fontana‐Masson staining. Transcriptomic analysis was conducted using RNA sequencing (RNA‐Seq), and a machine learning approach was employed for transcriptomic aging clock analysis.ResultsIn NHEMs, all tested compounds exhibited over 85% viability compared to the vehicle control, indicating no heightened risk of cytotoxicity. Notably, GAP demonstrated greater efficacy in inhibiting melanin production than AA derivatives at equivalent concentrations. In pLSE models, GAP notably enhanced model lightness, and reduced melanin content and deposition following the UVB challenge, whereas AA showed minimal impact. GAP effectively counteracted UVB‐induced alterations in gene expression linked to pigmentation, inflammation and aging. Moreover, recurrent UVB exposure substantially elevated the biological age of pLSE models, a phenomenon mitigated by GAP treatment.ConclusionsIn NHEMs, GAP exhibited enhanced effectiveness in inhibiting melanin production at identical tested doses in comparison to AA derivatives. Noteworthy protective effects of GAP against UVB irradiation were observed in the pLSE models, as evidenced by skin pigmentation measurements and transcriptomic changes.

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Mechanisms of ultraviolet‐induced melasma formation: A review

Cited by 12 publications

References 82 publications

Benefits of topical natural ingredients in epidermal permeability barrier

Benefits of topical natural ingredients in epidermal permeability barrier

New Mechanistic Insights of Melasma

Glutathione amino acid precursors protect skin from UVB‐induced damage and improve skin tone

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