Mechanisms of tRNA-derived fragments and tRNA halves in cancer treatment resistance

Zhang, Yue; Qian, Haoliang; He, Jing; Gao, Wen

doi:10.1186/s40364-020-00233-0

Cited by 28 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 165 publications

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“…Additionally, there are literally hundreds of studies purporting that dysregulation of tRFs is related to cancers of various types [ 108 , 109 , 110 ]; however, the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown, both in terms of what alters tRNA processing and what signaling cascades are triggered by tRF dysregulation [ 20 ]. In addition to their potential utility as biomarkers, tRF levels might also indicate how well cells will respond to various kinds of therapy, though again mechanistic explanations remain poorly understood [ 103 , 111 ].…”

Section: Diversification Of Ncrna Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging Functions for snoRNAs and snoRNA-Derived Fragments

Wajahat

Bracken

Orang

2021

IJMS

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The widespread implementation of mass sequencing has revealed a diverse landscape of small RNAs derived from larger precursors. Whilst many of these are likely to be byproducts of degradation, there are nevertheless metabolically stable fragments derived from tRNAs, rRNAs, snoRNAs, and other non-coding RNA, with a number of examples of the production of such fragments being conserved across species. Coupled with specific interactions to RNA-binding proteins and a growing number of experimentally reported examples suggesting function, a case is emerging whereby the biological significance of small non-coding RNAs extends far beyond miRNAs and piRNAs. Related to this, a similarly complex picture is emerging of non-canonical roles for the non-coding precursors, such as for snoRNAs that are also implicated in such areas as the silencing of gene expression and the regulation of alternative splicing. This is in addition to a body of literature describing snoRNAs as an additional source of miRNA-like regulators. This review seeks to highlight emerging roles for such non-coding RNA, focusing specifically on “new” roles for snoRNAs and the small fragments derived from them.

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Section: Diversification Of Ncrna Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging Functions for snoRNAs and snoRNA-Derived Fragments

Wajahat

Bracken

Orang

2021

IJMS

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“…Further analyses revealed that the two elevated tDRs are involved in the maintenance of stem cell numbers and interleukin (IL)‐6 responses [ 128 ]. IL-6 is involved in multidrug resistance by activating JAK/STAT3, PI3K/Akt, and other pathways [ 129 ]. Moreover, protein–protein interaction (PPI) analysis showed that tDR-0009/tDR-7336 is closely associated with the STAT3 protein [ 128 ].…”

Section: Roles In Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Deciphering the tRNA-derived small RNAs: origin, development, and future

et al. 2021

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Transfer RNA (tRNA)-derived small RNAs (tsRNAs), a novel category of small noncoding RNAs, are enzymatically cleaved from tRNAs. Previous reports have shed some light on the roles of tsRNAs in the development of human diseases. However, our knowledge about tsRNAs is still relatively lacking. In this paper, we review the biogenesis, classification, subcellular localization as well as action mechanism of tsRNAs, and discuss the association between chemical modifications of tRNAs and the production and functions of tsRNAs. Furthermore, using immunity, metabolism, and malignancy as examples, we summarize the molecular mechanisms of tsRNAs in diseases and evaluate the potential of tsRNAs as new biomarkers and therapeutic targets. At the same time, we compile and introduce several resource databases that are currently publicly available for analyzing tsRNAs. Finally, we discuss the challenges associated with research in this field and future directions.

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“…Drug resistance is considered a vital factor determining the efficacy of anti-cancer therapies. Emerging evidence showed that some tsRNAs modulated the drug resistance of multiple tumours ( 24 ). For example, Cui et al.…”

Section: Biological Processes Correlated With Tsrnasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transfer RNA-Derived Small RNAs: Novel Regulators and Biomarkers of Cancers

2022

Front. Oncol.

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Transfer RNA-derived small RNAs (tsRNAs) are conventional non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) with a length between18 and 40 nucleotides (nt) playing a crucial role in treating various human diseases including tumours. Nowadays, with the use of high-throughput sequencing technologies, it has been proven that certain tsRNAs are dysregulated in multiple tumour tissues as well as in the blood serum of cancer patients. Meanwhile, data retrieved from the literature show that tsRNAs are correlated with the regulation of the hallmarks of cancer, modification of tumour microenvironment, and modulation of drug resistance. On the other side, the emerging role of tsRNAs as biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and prognosis is promising. In this review, we focus on the specific characteristics and biological functions of tsRNAs with a focus on their impact on various tumours and discuss the possibility of tsRNAs as novel potential biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and prognosis.

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Mechanisms of tRNA-derived fragments and tRNA halves in cancer treatment resistance

Cited by 28 publications

References 165 publications

Emerging Functions for snoRNAs and snoRNA-Derived Fragments

Emerging Functions for snoRNAs and snoRNA-Derived Fragments

Deciphering the tRNA-derived small RNAs: origin, development, and future

Transfer RNA-Derived Small RNAs: Novel Regulators and Biomarkers of Cancers

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