Mechanisms of the portion size effect. What is known and where do we go from here?

Lasschuijt, Marlou; Keller, Kathleen L.

doi:10.1016/j.appet.2014.11.004

Cited by 110 publications

(120 citation statements)

References 135 publications

(4 reference statements)

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“…An additional aim of this study was to assess brain mechanisms of children's laboratory intakes in response to variations in food PSs (Supplemental Table 1). These methods have been described previously (4). The entire study took place across 5 visits with the test meals occurring at visits 1-4, and the fMRI scan occurring at visit 5.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This 2-session training was developed for this study and has been detailed elsewhere (4). Briefly, the first session allowed researchers to observe the child comfort level in the mock scanner.…”

Section: Fmri Paradigmmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Each run contained 30 images that included 5 pictures from each of the 6 conditions that were shown in a pseudorandomized order so that the child would not see more than 2 food conditions in a row before seeing a control condition. An example of this functional paradigm has been published elsewhere (4). The stimuli duration was set at 2000 ms with a 500-ms interstimulus interval of a fixation cross and a randomly generated time for the intertrial interval that ranged from 2000 to 11,000 ms. Control conditions were scrambled images and furniture; however, these data are not presented in this article because the objective was to present the contrasts between PS and ED food conditions.…”

Section: Fmri Paradigmmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The food portion size (PS) 7 and energy density (ED) (kilocalories per gram) positively influence energy intake (2,3), but the mechanisms that derive their effects are unclear (4). Food intake is controlled by both metabolic and hedonic signals that originate from neuroregulatory systems (5,6).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Food portion size and energy density evoke different patterns of brain activation in children

Fearnbach

Wilson

Fisher

et al. 2017

The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

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Background: Large portions of food promote intake, but the mechanisms that drive this effect are unclear. Previous neuroimaging studies have identified the brain-reward and decision-making systems that are involved in the response to the energy density (ED) (kilocalories per gram) of foods, but few studies have examined the brain response to the food portion size (PS). Objective: We used functional MRI (fMRI) to determine the brain response to food images that differed in PSs (large and small) and ED (high and low). Design: Block-design fMRI was used to assess the blood oxygen leveldependent (BOLD) response to images in 36 children (7-10 y old; girls: 50%), which was tested after a 2-h fast. Pre-fMRI fullness and liking were rated on visual analog scales. A whole-brain cluster-corrected analysis was used to compare BOLD activation for main effects of the PS, ED, and their interaction. Secondary analyses were used to associate BOLD contrast values with appetitive traits and laboratory intake from meals for which the portions of all foods were increased. Results: Compared with small-PS cues, large-PS cues were associated with decreased activation in the inferior frontal gyrus (P , 0.01). Compared with low-ED cues, high-ED cues were associated with increased activation in multiple regions (e.g., in the caudate, cingulate, and precentral gyrus) and decreased activation in the insula and superior temporal gyrus (P , 0.01 for all). A PS 3 ED interaction was shown in the superior temporal gyrus (P , 0.01). BOLD contrast values for high-ED cues compared with low-ED cues in the insula, declive, and precentral gyrus were negatively related to appetitive traits (P , 0.05). There were no associations between the brain response to the PS and either appetitive traits or intake. Conclusions: Cues regarding food PS may be processed in the lateral prefrontal cortex, which is a region that is implicated in cognitive control, whereas ED activates multiple areas involved in sensory and reward processing. Possible implications include the development of interventions that target decision-making and reward systems differently to moderate overeating.Am J Clin Nutr 2017;105:295-305.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Fmri Paradigmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Fmri Paradigmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Food portion size and energy density evoke different patterns of brain activation in children

Fearnbach

Wilson

Fisher

et al. 2017

The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

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“…This observation is very robust and has been explored 343 extensively (for excellent recent reviews see (35,36) Separate models were calculated for each participant, portion size, and condition. 3 Test foods were ranked by participants assuming it is lunchtime and no other food is available until 19:00.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Large Portions Encourage the Selection of Palatable Rather Than Filling Foods

Brunstrom

Jarvstad

Griggs

et al. 2016

The Journal of Nutrition

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Research for leveraging food policy in universal eating disorder prevention

Rodgers

Sonneville

2018

Intl J Eating Disorders

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Policy and legislation have emerged as important levers for universal prevention efforts in the context of eating disorders. However, to date, little attention has been paid to generating research that will inform opportunities to regulate the food environment, specifically the way that food is produced and marketed. The present paper aims to lay out a framework for research that will examine (1) the ways in which food industry may influence risk for eating disorders and (2) the impact of legislative efforts on eating disorder cognitions and behaviors. For these two pathways, specific examples of research that would serve to inform policy efforts aiming to decrease the risk for eating disorders by targeting the food environment are proposed. Overall, the present paper aims to issue a call for the eating disorder field to become involved in food policy and regulation.

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Mechanisms of the portion size effect. What is known and where do we go from here?

Cited by 110 publications

References 135 publications

Food portion size and energy density evoke different patterns of brain activation in children

Food portion size and energy density evoke different patterns of brain activation in children

Large Portions Encourage the Selection of Palatable Rather Than Filling Foods

Research for leveraging food policy in universal eating disorder prevention

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