Mechanisms of sympathetic regulation of arterial smooth muscle

Gerová, M; Gero, J; Dolezel, S

doi:10.1007/bf02144172

Cited by 17 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…Using different species and different types of vessels, the present experi ments confirm and extend our earlier results [14] that an intense diffusive fluorescence is detectable in the media and in the adventitia of vessels excised during stimulation of the respective sympathetic outflow. Similar results were obtained by K irpekar et al [23] by using the same technique on the cat spleen.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

“…In spite of these considerable distances between the site of release and the site of action of the transmitter, evidence has been provided that a con siderable diameter reduction of conduit vessels results from stimulation of the respective sympathetic outflow [14,15,17]. Consideration of the question of the mechanisms involved in activation of smooth muscle units remote from the nerve endings in larger vessels, is justified.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In 1967, G erova el al. [14] visualized noradrenaline released by stimulation of the respective sympathetic fibres which had diffused into the vessel wall. Further evidence was obtained on the cat spleen by Kirkpekar et al [23], Although detailed information on the diffusion of exogenous noradren aline across the vessel wall is available [3,9,25,26], particular experimental data dealing with the diffusion of the adrenergic transmitter released during sympathetic stimulation are still missing.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Diffusion through the Vessel Wall of Transmitter Released by Sympathetic Stimulation

Dolezel¹,

Gerová²,

Gero³

et al. 1975

J Vasc Res

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The disposition of sympathetic transmitter within the wall of rat femoral and rabbit saphenous arteries has been studied during sympathetic stimulation. Using a histochemical fluorescence technique, sharply delineated bead-like fluorescent spots representing sympathetic nerve terminals were found at the adventitiomedial junction. In specimens excised during sympathetic nerve stimulation, the entire media was veiled by fluorescent material representing noradrenaline which had diffused into that layer after release. The localization of the nerve terminals in controls as well as diffusion of transmitter during stimulation in the rat femoral artery was corroborated by autoradiography of tritiated noradrenaline.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Diffusion through the Vessel Wall of Transmitter Released by Sympathetic Stimulation

Dolezel¹,

Gerová²,

Gero³

et al. 1975

J Vasc Res

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“…Consequently, diffusion of the transmitter from nerve endings to the effector smooth muscle cells has been suggested. Moreover, the presence of monoamines in smooth muscle remote from nerve terminals was established recently during sympathetic stimulation (18). Since diffusion is presumed to occur along the concentration gradient from the nerve terminals on the advertitial side toward the intimal side of the media, the number of smooth muscle layers in which the transmitter concentration is not high enough to initiate contraction might be greater in large vessels with many smooth muscle layers and elastic lamellas than in smaller arteries.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Range of the Sympathetic Control of the Dog Femoral Artery

Gerová

Gero

1969

Circulation Research

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Femoral arterial diameter and pressure were measured in anesthetized dogs. Immediately after section of the ipsilateral lumbar sympathetic chain the artery dilated, reaching a maximum of 122.0% (±0.56 SEM) of resting diameter within 30 to 40 seconds. Later the diameter diminished, stabilizing at 104.3% (±1.8 SEM) of resting diameter within 15 minutes. Stimulation of the peripheral stump of the sympathetic chain induced frequency-dependent constriction, the frequency-response curve being hyperbolic. The average maximal response was 13.42% (± 1.19 SEM) of the resting diameter. These changes were not dependent on suprarenal secretion, blood flow, or changes in distal vascular bed resistance. The contraction of the artery was slow. The half-time of stabilized contraction was 21.6 seconds at a stimulus frequency of 1/sec and 36.8 seconds at 25/sec. The half-time of relaxation was shorter (10.7 seconds and 21.5 seconds, respectively) and also frequency-dependent. A significant dilatation, after stimulation, inversely proportional to the stimulation frequency, occurred after low-frequency stimulations. The time course of contraction suggests the activation of individual smooth muscle layers successively more remote to the nerve endings, possibly due to diffusion of transmitter liberated at the nerve endings by stimulation.From the Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Institute of Normal and Pathological Physiology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava..

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“…The relative reduction in the diameter of the abdominal aorta induced by sympathetic stimulation is significantly lower than the reduction for the femoral (12) and the dorsal pedal artery (24). These differences probably result from the fact that elastic and other "inactive" tissue represent a major component in the aortic wall than they do in the wall of the limb arteries (25).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sympathetic Control of Canine Abdominal Aorta

Gerová

Gero

Dolezel

et al. 1973

Circulation Research

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In anesthetized dogs the peripheral ends of the cut sympathetic chains (LGi-LG 2 level) were stimulated while blood pressure was held constant artificially, and the diameter of the abdominal aorta was monitored. Bilateral stimulation induced a reduction in diameter that was directly related to the stimulation frequency. Maximal diameter reduction of the aorta above the iliac bifurcation averaged 8.01 ± 0.74* of resting diameter. The half-time of contraction (36.5 ±2.1 to 51.5 ± 3 . 6 seconds) was indirectly related to the stimulation frequency. The effects of right or left sympathetic chain stimulation were quantitatively similar to each other (51.3 ± 4.4% and 46.7 ± 4.5%, respectively), and the response to bilateral stimulation (92.8 ±6.1&) did not differ from the calculated value for paired unilateral stimulation (100%). A significant proximo-distal gradient of response (below the branching off of the renal arteries 2.97 ± 0.28%, at the midpoint 5.15 ± 0.52%, and above the iliac bifurcation 8.56 ± 0.79% of resting diameter) along the abdominal aorta was established during bilateral stimulation. Histochemical examination showed no corresponding differences in the density or the distribution of monoaminergic terminals. Dose-response relations for spiral strips taken from analogous aortic segments, however, displayed sensitivity to norepinephrine in the same order as the gradient in the in vivo experiments.diameter. Particularly, the range of sympathetic control of the diameter of the aorta was investigated and the functional peculiarities of the bilateral innervation were examined. In addition, the response to sympathetic stimulation along the abdominal aorta was monitored. Finally, to explain the established differences in responsiveness, both pharmacological experiments and histochemical studies were performed. MethodsExperiments were performed on 32 adult mongrel dogs of either sex weighing 11.0-19.0 kg. The dogs were anesthetized with sodium thiopental (10-15 mg/kg, iv) at the beginning of the experiment, and supplementary doses (4-7 mg/kg) were given hourly.To minimize blood losses all surgery was performed with electrocautery. After opening the abdomen with a midline incision from the xiphoid process down to the symphysis, the intestines were drawn to the left side and covered with warmed wet cotton.In 16 dogs the aorta was left intact and normally tethered except at the site where diameter was registered; at this site it was freed for a distance not longer than 5 mm. In all dogs the diameter was recorded 15-20 mm above the iliac bifurcation closely distal to the origin of the caudal mesenteric artery; the cross section of the aorta is circular at this point. In 6 dogs diameter and pressure were monitored at three sites, Site 1 was 15-20 mm above the iliac bifurcation,

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Mechanisms of sympathetic regulation of arterial smooth muscle

Cited by 17 publications

References 3 publications

Diffusion through the Vessel Wall of Transmitter Released by Sympathetic Stimulation

Diffusion through the Vessel Wall of Transmitter Released by Sympathetic Stimulation

Range of the Sympathetic Control of the Dog Femoral Artery

Sympathetic Control of Canine Abdominal Aorta

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