Mechanisms of skeletal muscle repair and regeneration in health and disease

Abstract

Skeletal muscle is a structurally and functionally remarkable tissue composed of multinucleated post-mitotic muscle fibres. These fibres are filled with an exquisite, near crystalline array of assembled contractile proteins, capable of coupling ATP utilization to mechanical muscle contraction. Fully differentiated muscle has an incredible ability to protect and repair itself from significant muscle injuries. In fact, through activation of a resident population of stem cells known as satellite cells, muscle fibres can be completely regenerated, and normal function can be restored in a matter of a few weeks after a major myocellular necrotic injury. The loss of key mechanisms to protect muscle from injuries or loss of the capacity to repair muscle after injury is thought to underlie several forms of muscular dystrophy and also the age-related decline of muscle function. In this Subject Collection, The FEBS Journal highlights articles that review or investigate key mechanisms of muscle repair and regeneration in response to injuries, and the contributions of these pathways to health and disease of skeletal muscle.

Relationship of Low Vitamin B6 Status with Sarcopenia, Frailty, and Mortality: A Narrative Review

“…Satellite cells in skeletal muscle may play a crucial role in maintaining skeletal muscle homeostasis and repair, while they can also be damaged by inflammation and oxidative stress [ 63 ]. A study by Komaru et al demonstrated that a low-B6 diet led to a decrease in satellite cell pool in mouse skeletal muscle compared to a diet with an adequate level of B6 [ 64 ].…”

“…A study by Palin et al suggested that carnosine has protective effects against oxidative damage in porcine myoblast cells [ 66 ]. This protection is believed to be mediated through the p38 MAPK intracellular signaling pathway, which is essential for cellular response to oxidative stress [ 63 ]. A subsequent study by Lie et al has suggested that carnosine may promote muscle growth in pigs by stimulating the proliferation of satellite cells through the Akt/mTOR/S6K signaling pathway [ 67 ].…”

El músculo y el cáncer: una relación bidireccional. Fisiopatología y consecuencias

“…Por último, se encuentran descritas diferentes alteraciones asociadas a cáncer en los mecanismos de reparación muscular. El músculo-esquelético es un tejido que posee una notable capacidad para reemplazar las fibras musculares dañadas o destruidas, 32 que depende en gran medida de las contribuciones de las células satélite, 33 quiescente ancladas a la membrana plasmática de las miofibras maduras 34 y precisan señales de su entorno que les indiquen el momento de salir de tal estado de quiescencia para iniciar la diferenciación de las células satélite vírgenes hacia mioblastos comprometidos y, eventualmente, a miofibras multinucleadas. 35 Alrededor de ellas se encuentra el nicho de las células madre, cuyos componentes estructurales forman parte de una matriz extracelular (MEC) expansiva, que contiene las señales bioquímicas necesarias para la activación de la miogénesis y las etapas subsiguientes de regeneración.…”

Rab44 deficiency accelerates recovery from muscle damage by regulating mTORC1 signaling and transport of fusogenic regulators

“…As skeletal muscles exhibit powerful plasticity to adapt to various stimuli, skeletal muscle regeneration is facilitated by mononucleated precursor stem cells termed satellite cells (Baghdadi & Tajbakhsh, 2018; Ceafalan et al, 2014). Upon muscle injury, satellite cells are rapidly activated, proliferated, and fused to form new myofibers and/or repair the damaged fibers (Fukada et al, 2022; Michele, 2022). However, detailed regeneration mechanisms in the skeletal muscle are poorly understood.…”