Mechanisms of Selective Insecticidal Action

Winteringham, F. P. W.

doi:10.1146/annurev.en.14.010169.002205

Cited by 63 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…Amongst other things uptake, metabolism and excretion of topically applied pesticide solutions define their toxic impact. The generally accepted uptake mechanism is that pesticides are diluted in both layers of the cuticle and subsequently distributed in the hemolymph to reach the central nervous system 31 . Cuticular maturation may have an effect on pesticide uptake since permeability decreases during this hardening and darkening process.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interspecific sensitivity of bees towards dimethoate and implications for environmental risk assessment

Uhl

Franke

Rehberg

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

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Wild and domesticated bee species are exposed to a variety of pesticides which may drive pollinator decline. Due to wild bee sensitivity data shortage, it is unclear if the honey bee Apis mellifera is a suitable surrogate species in the current EU risk assessment scheme. Furthermore, the underlying causes for sensitivity differences in bees are not established. We assessed the acute toxicity (median lethal dose, LD50) of dimethoate towards multiple bee species, generated a species sensitivity distribution and derived a hazardous dose (HD5). Furthermore, we performed a regression analysis with body weight and dimethoate toxicity. HD5 lower 95% confidence limit was equal to honey bee mean LD50 when applying a safety factor of 10. Body weight proved to be a predictor of interspecific bee sensitivity but did not explain the pattern completely. Using acute toxicity values from honey bees and a safety factor of 10 seems to cover the interspecific sensitivity range of bees in the case of dimethoate. Acute endpoints of proposed additional test species, the buff-tailed bumblebee Bombus terrestris and the red mason bee Osmia bicornis, do not improve the risk assessment for the entire group. However, this might not apply to other insecticides such as neonicotinoids.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interspecific sensitivity of bees towards dimethoate and implications for environmental risk assessment

Uhl

Franke

Rehberg

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

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“…The insect cuticle plays an important role as a structural barrier for pesticides and has been associated with selective toxicity between different species . Compared to the pest mite T.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They show activity on all life stages but are considered safe to many non-target arthropods, such as beneficial insects and natural enemies. − Thus, SDHIs possess suitable properties to become an ideal candidate for use in IPM. Previous studies suggest that at least a part of the selectivity is related to selectivity at the target-site; for example, a 10-fold to 50-fold difference in affinity for the target-site was observed between spider mites and phytoseiids. − However, the complex mechanism that determines this selectivity remains to be investigated and could include differences in penetration, activation, metabolism, together with changes in affinity for the target-site among species, and a combination hereof. ,, Of particular note, even when target-site differences were partially biochemically studied, the molecular mechanisms underlying selectivity are still elusive.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…17−19 However, the complex mechanism that determines this selectivity remains to be investigated and could include differences in penetration, activation, metabolism, together with changes in affinity for the target-site among species, and a combination hereof. 11,23,24 Of particular note, even when target-site differences were partially biochemically studied, 25 the molecular mechanisms underlying selectivity are still elusive.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Molecular Basis for the Selectivity of the Succinate Dehydrogenase Inhibitor Cyflumetofen between Pest and Predatory Mites

Peng

Qin

Feng

et al. 2023

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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Acaricides that act as inhibitors of the mitochondrial succinate dehydrogenase (SDHIs) provide excellent control of phytophagous mites but display limited toxicity to predatory mites and other beneficial organisms. However, the molecular mechanism of selectivity is not fully understood. Here, we first confirm that SDHI acaricides are over 10,000-fold more toxic to spider mites than predatory mites. Next, we show that differential penetration, pro-acaricide activation, or metabolism are most likely not the main reason for this selectivity. In contrast, the inhibition of AB-1 on the SDH target is approximately 200-fold more potent in spider mites compared to predatory mites, revealing strong target-site selectivity. Strikingly, a key motif associated with differential binding was identified and validated by gene editing in Drosophila. Our findings contribute to understanding the selectivity of SDHIs, which can be used for the rational design of selective acaricides in support of an integrated pest management.

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“…Winteringham (1969) has tabulated data that also indicate a tendency among the organochlorinated insecticides, e.g. cyclodienes, DDT and lindane, to be more or equitoxic to chewing relative to sucking herbivores.…”

Section: Susceptibility To Synthetic Toxicantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Aspects of Insect-Plant Associations

Brattsten¹,

Ahmad²

1987

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All rights reservedNo part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher PREFACE Thanks to the meticulous and enthusiastic work of insect collectors and taxonomists over the past hundred years and more, we have today a large amount of information on the feeding habits and life styles of several hundred thousands of insect species.Insects that feed on plants during at least one of their life stages constitute about half of the three-quarters of a million described species. Their numbers both in terms of species and individuals together with their small but macroscopic sizes makes the insect-plant biological interface perhaps the most conspicuous, diverse and largest assemblage of intimate interspecies interactions in existence. It is also perhaps the most important biological interface because of the plants' role as primary producers upon which all other forms of earthly life depend, thereby bringing herbivorous insects occasionally into direct competition with human food and fiber production.Early enthusiasm revealed many remarkable specializations and associations between insects and plants, and occasionally assigned chemical mediators for them. However, the modern practices of large scale crop protection by synthetic pesticides and their attendant problems, particularly with resistance in "pests" and destruction of natural enemies, have been in large measure responsible for drawing our attention to the mechanisms whereby plants control insect populations and insects adapt to the plants' defenses.These practices have also brought home the importance of chemical mediators in practically all aspects of insect activities and, in particular, the importance of plant allelochemicals in maintaining and balancing insect-plant associations.There are about 20,000 identified allelochemicals to date, estimated to be between ten and 50 percent of all possible such non-nutrient chemicals.Most of these have biological activity, mostly uncharacterized, when accumulated in sufficiently high concentrations.Many are acutely toxic to insects and other animals. A few have been used successfully for insect control and as drugs; more importantly, however, plant allelochemicals continue to provide model structures for the development of synthetic insecticides and drugs.With the recent availability of high-resolution analytical instruments, natural history is rapidly turning into a modern, multidisciplinary biological science. The elucidation of the mechanisms which maintain the observed ecological equilibria in the insect-plant interface provide fascinating work and rich intellectual rewards. It is also necessary to understand these interactions for purposes of local food and fiber production, the premise being that understanding the molecular details of insect adaptations to plant allelochemicals may allow manipulations of those mechanisms for crop protec...

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Mechanisms of Selective Insecticidal Action

Cited by 63 publications

References 0 publications

Interspecific sensitivity of bees towards dimethoate and implications for environmental risk assessment

Interspecific sensitivity of bees towards dimethoate and implications for environmental risk assessment

Molecular Basis for the Selectivity of the Succinate Dehydrogenase Inhibitor Cyflumetofen between Pest and Predatory Mites

Molecular Aspects of Insect-Plant Associations

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