Mechanisms of Resistance to the Potato Leafhopper (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) in Selected Alfalfa Clones

Elden, T. C.; Elgin, J. H.

doi:10.1093/jee/85.2.576

Cited by 17 publications

(15 citation statements)

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“…Resistant plant varieties yielding poor nymphal development and survival are less acceptable for feeding and oviposition (Tingey 1985, Elden andElgin 1992). In studies by Smith et al (1992), potato leafhoppers preferred to oviposit on and reside on pure alfalfa over alfalfa mixed with crabgrass.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When host plants become unsuitable or are removed during cutting, adults migrate to other hosts, including weeds, deciduous trees, and other crop species (Lamp et al 1989, Flanders andRadcliffe 1989). The development time of nymphs varies among these hosts (Elden andElgin 1992, Peterson et al 1992) with monocotyledons such as grasses and sedges being inadequate for E. fabae development (Lamp et al 1994).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Contact-Induced Emigration of Potato Leafhopper (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) from Alfalfa–Forage Grass Mixtures

Roda¹,

Landis²,

Miller³

1997

Environmental Entomology

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Studies were conducted to evaluate the mechanisms leading to increased potato leafhopper, Empoasca fabae (Harris), emigration from alfalfa-forage grass mixtures. A laboratory behavioral bioassay was used to measure daily emigration rates of adult leafhoppers from alfalfa, Medicago sativa L.; smooth bromegrass, Bromus inennis Leyss.; orchardgrass, Dactylis glom.erata L.; and timothy. Phlewn pratense L., alone and in 1:1 mixtures of each grass with alfalfa. Emigration was "=9-foldgreater from pure bromegrass and orchardgrass treatments versus alfalfa alone, and "=5-foldgreater than from mixtures of alfalfa and each grass species. In a 2nd experiment, alfalfa and forage grasses were separated by a barrier permeable to plant volatiles. Only 31% of the potato leafhoppers placed on alfalfa adjacent to either alfalfa or grass emigrated. However, when introduced to the side containing a forage grass, <85% of the leafhoppers emigrated, regardless of adjacent plant. Thus, stimuli obtained from physical contact with the grass versus grass volatiles alone were required to elicit emigration. Observations of potato leafhoppers on single plants of smooth bromegrass, orchardgrass, and alfalfa revealed that individuals fed on all 3 species; however, the frequency and duration of probing differed as did mean residency time (10.7 h alfalfa, 7.5 h bromegrass, 5.9 h orchardgrass). These experiments suggested that physical contact is necessary to elicit emigration from grasses. By increasing emigration, alfalfa-forage grass mixtures may reduce potato leafhopper damage to alfalfa. Additionally,intercropping with forage grasses may lower the number of feeding bouts on alfalfa and reduce subsequent hopperbum.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Contact-Induced Emigration of Potato Leafhopper (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) from Alfalfa–Forage Grass Mixtures

Roda¹,

Landis²,

Miller³

1997

Environmental Entomology

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“…To assess whether the NBS genes were transcribed, we extracted total RNA from alfalfa plant ISC 35, a plant selected from Indiana Synthetic C on the basis of resistance to potato leafhopper (Elden and Elgin 1992), using the TRIazol Reagent (GibcoBRL, Gaithersburg, Md.) according to the manufacturer's procedure.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation from alfalfa of resistance gene analogues containing nucleotide binding sites

Cordero

Skinner

2002

Theor Appl Genet

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Cloned resistance (R) genes from a broad range of plant species are known to share similarities in DNA sequence and structural motifs. Degenerate oligonucleotide primers designed from conserved regions of the nucleotide binding site (NBS), common to many R genes, were used to amplify the NBS regions from genomic DNA from alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L). Sequence comparisons of the amplified fragments indicated that at least 18 families of NBS-containing R genes are present in alfalfa. Comparisons to R genes from other species suggested a polyphyletic origin of these gene families. Using the same degenerate primers, PCR analysis of cDNA prepared from a plant not challenged with a pest or pathogen revealed that many of the NBS-containing gene families were transcribed actively. Amplification of NBS regions from other Medicago species showed the presence of some NBS-containing genes not present in alfalfa. These results indicate that the NBS-containing R genes comprise a large gene family in Medicago, at least some of which are transcribed in healthy plants, and that different Medicago species carry unique NBS genes.

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“…This was reported in North America for the grape leafhopper Erythroneura ziczac Walsh (McKenzie and Beirne 1972). On different annual plants lower levels of infestation and injury caused by empoascine leafhoppers (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) were observed on cultivars with higher leaf hair density and length because feeding, oviposition and nymph survival were affected (Khan and Agarwal 1984;Tingey 1985;Lee et al 1986;Singh and Taneja 1989;Elden and Elgin 1992;Elden and Lambert 1992;Panda and Khush 1995;Lokesh and Singh 2005). However, on Actinidia sinensis Planch, the very dense hairiness of foliage did not affect oviposition of E. vitis in comparison to less pubescent grapevine cultivars .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of grapevine cultivars on the leafhopper Empoasca vitis and its egg parasitoids

Pavan

Picotti

2008

BioControl

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The leafhopper Empoasca vitis (Göthe) (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) can cause economic damage in European vineyards. Egg parasitoids, in particular Anagrus atomus (Linnaeus) (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae), are the most important natural enemies of the leafhopper. In four different years, leaves of ten grapevine cultivars, which were grown in a vineyard of north-eastern Italy, were collected at the end of the leafhopper 2nd generation to determine the total number of E. vitis eggs per leaf and the percentage of the E. vitis eggs parasitized. These data were analysed for correlation with leaf density and foliar pubescence. The E. vitis eggs per leaf and the percentage of eggs parasitized by Anagrus spp. were significantly influenced by the cultivar. The number of E. vitis eggs per leaf was positively correlated to leaf density, but it was not influenced by leaf hair density. The parasitization rate by Anagrus spp. was affected by foliar pubescence, especially by erect hairs on the veins. These findings could be used for integrated pest management. In particular, (1) the more susceptible cultivars can be used as early indicators of leafhopper infestation, (2) agronomic practices, that reduce leaf density, could decrease the E. vitis population level and (3) clones with glabrous leaves would favour egg parasitoid activity.

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Mechanisms of Resistance to the Potato Leafhopper (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) in Selected Alfalfa Clones

Cited by 17 publications

References 0 publications

Contact-Induced Emigration of Potato Leafhopper (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) from Alfalfa–Forage Grass Mixtures

Contact-Induced Emigration of Potato Leafhopper (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) from Alfalfa–Forage Grass Mixtures

Isolation from alfalfa of resistance gene analogues containing nucleotide binding sites

Influence of grapevine cultivars on the leafhopper Empoasca vitis and its egg parasitoids

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