Mechanisms of radiation-induced hippocampal neuron cytotoxicity and implications on memory and learning disorders

Edwards, E.; Whetsell, William O.; Shinohara, Eric T.; Tan, Jason; Osusky, K.; Hallahan, Dennis E.

doi:10.1016/j.ijrobp.2004.07.168

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“…Although few neuroprotective agents, which interfere with pro-apoptotic signaling pathway or chemical process of apoptosis, were suggested to protect neuronal tissue from cytotoxic effect of radiation, the best approach to minimize the damage of irradiation seems currently to reduce the radiation dose and duration as much as possible [12][13][14][15]. For this aim, it is necessary to know the dose and time limits for damaging effect of different types of radiation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Once the Light Touch to the Brain: Cytotoxic Effects of Low-Dose Gamma-Ray, Laser Light, and Visible Light on Rat Neuronal Cell Culture

et al. 2016

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Objective: We aimed to evaluate the effects of gamma-ray, laser light, and visible light, which neurons are commonly exposed to during treatment of various cranial diseases, on the viability of neurons. Materials and Methods:Neuronal cell culture was prepared from the frontal cortex of 9 newborn rats. Cultured cells were irradiated with gamma-ray for 1-10 min by 152 Eu, 241 Am, and 132 Ba isotopes, visible light for 1-160 min, and laser light for 0.2-2 seconds. The MTT tetrazolium reduction assay was used to assess the number of viable cells in the neuronal cell cultures. Wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometer was used to determine Na, K, and Ca levels in cellular fluid obtained from neuronal cell culture plaques. Ba isotopes, cell viability insignificantly decreased with time (p>0.05). On the other hand, exposure to visible light produced statistically significant decrease in cell viability at both short-(1-10 min) and long-term (20-160 min). Cell viability did not change with 2 seconds of laser exposure. Na, K, and Ca levels significantly decreased with gamma-ray and visible light. The level of oxidative stress markers significantly changed with gamma-ray. Results Conclusion:In conclusion, while low dose gamma-ray has slight to moderate apoptotic effect in neuronal cell cultures by oxidative stress, long-term visible light induces remarkable apoptosis and cell death. Laser light has no significant effect on neurons. Further genetic studies are needed to clarify the chronic effect of visible light on neuronal development and functions.Keywords: Neuron, cytotoxicity, cell culture, apoptosis, laser light, radiation Öz Amaç: Amacımız, çeşitli kranial hastalıkların tedavisi esnasında nöronların sıklıkla maruz kaldığı gama ışını, laser ışığı ve görünür ışığın etkilerinin değerlendirilmesidir. Ba izotoplar ile düşük dozda radyasyon altında, istatiksel olarak anlamsız bir, zamanla azaldı. Öte yandan, görünür ışığa maruziyet hücre canlılığında hem kısa süreli (1-10 dk) hem de uzun süreli (20-160 dk) maruziyette anlamlı derecede düşüşe sebep olur. Hücre canlılığı lazere 2 saniye maruz kalma ile değişmedi. Na, K ve Ca seviyeleri gama ışını ve görünür ışık maruziyeti ile önemli ölçüde azalmıştır. Oksidatif stres belirteçleri seviyesi gama-ışını ile önemli ölçüde değişti. Gereç veSonuç: Düşük doz gama ışını oksidatif strese bağlı nöronal hücre kültürlerindeki apoptotik etkisi hafif ve orta düzeydeyken, uzun sü-reli görünür ışık dikkate değer bir apoptoz ve hücre ölümüne neden oldu. Lazer ışığı nöronlar üzerinde önemli bir etkiye sahip değildir. Görünür ışığın nöron gelişimi ve işlevleri üzerinde kronik etkisini açıklamak için ileri genetik çalışmalar yapılmasına ihtiyaç vardır.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%