Mechanisms of post-traumatic seizures: a quantum pharmacological analysis of the molecular properties of an epileptogenic focus following iron-induced membrane peroxidation

Dakin, Kenneth; Weaver, Donald F.

doi:10.1016/s1059-1311(05)80098-6

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…8,21,23,24,27 Almost 50% of victims of penetrating head trauma enrolled in military series become epileptic. 9,14,17 Recent data indicate that although phenytoin and valproate are capable of reducing the incidence of early posttraumatic seizures, they are incapable of preventing late-onset PTE. Analysis of some evi-dence suggests that iron could play a role in the pathogenesis of the seizure focus.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Prognostic factors in the occurrence of posttraumatic epilepsy after penetrating head injury suffered during military service

Aarabi

Taghipour²,

Haghnegahdar³

et al. 2000

FOC

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In this retrospective study, the authors evaluated confounding risk factors, which are allegedly influential in causing unprovoked posttraumatic epilepsy, in 489 patients from the frontlines of the Iran–Iraq War. Four hundred eighty-nine patients were followed for 6 to154 months (mean 39.4 months, median 23 months), and important factors precipitating posttraumatic epilepsy were evaluated using uni- and multivariate regression analysis. One hundred fifty-seven (32%) of 489 patients became epileptic during the study period. The results of univariate analysis indicated a significant relationship between epilepsy and Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) score (X2 = 76.49, p < 0.0001, df = 2), Glasgow Coma Scale score at admission (X2 = 19.48, p < 0.0001, df = 3), motor deficit (X2 = 11.79, p < 0.001, df = 1), mode of injury (X2 = 10.731, p < 0.05), transventricular injury (X2 = 6.9, p < 0.008, df = 1), dysphasia (X2 = 5.3, p < 0.02), central nervous system infections (X2 = 5.3, p < 0.02), and early-onset seizures (X2 = 4.1, p < 0.04, df = 1). The results of multivariate analysis, on the other hand, indicated that the GOS score and motor deficit were of greater statistical importance (X2 = 35.24, p < 0.0001; and X2 = 7.1, p < 0.07, respectively). Factors that did have much statistically significant bearing on posttraumatic epilepsy were the projectile type, site of injury on the skull, patient age, number of affected lobes, related hemorrhagic complications, and retained metallic or bone fragments. Glasgow Outcome Scale score and focal motor neurological deficit are of particular importance in predicting posttraumatic epilepsy after missile head injury.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Prognostic factors in the occurrence of posttraumatic epilepsy after penetrating head injury suffered during military service

Aarabi

Taghipour²,

Haghnegahdar³

et al. 2000

FOC

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“…[ 9 ] reported the highest cumulative probability for late post traumatic seizures included biparietal contusions (66%) and multiple or bilateral cortical contusions (25%). [ 8 , 12 , 18 ] Former studies have reported that TBI has a predilection for frontal and temporal lobes. However, the mechanisms of PTS caused by contusion are still not clear.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A possible explanation for this may be the following; Cortical neurons are injured following contusions and this would lead the iron from the blood deposited in the cortex; the deposited iron would lead to iron induced membrane peroxidation and would make the seizure spread to the subcortical areas (hippocampus mainly); the occurrence and evolution of the epileptiform activity in the subcortical structures would in parallel with that in the cortical focus. [ 1 , 8 , 15 , 23 , 25 ]…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A prospective study to determine the risk factors associated with post traumatic seizures: A single institution experience

Garg¹,

Sood

Chaudhary

et al. 2023

Surgical Neurology International

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Background: Post traumatic seizures (PTS) are a known sequel of traumatic brain injury (TBI). Incidence of PTS is dependent on many factors including study design and characteristics of the study population. As incidence of TBI increases and death due to TBI decreases, more individuals will be at risk of developing and living with chronic complications. The objective of the present study was to determine the frequency and risk factors for PTS following TBI. Methods: A prospective study was conducted on patients admitted with TBI from April 1, 2019, to May 31, 2020, to determine the frequency, time to event, and risk factors for PTS following TBI. We classified the severity of head injury using a standard criterion, into mild, moderate and severe injury. Follow-up of 3 months was undertaken for all patients. Variables include age, sex, trauma severity, Glasgow coma scale, onset of PTS, and neuroradiological finding. Results: We enrolled 450 post traumatic subjects, out of which 36 (8%) developed seizures. Of the total of 36 patients detected to have hemorrhagic contusion on computerized tomography scan, 12 patients developed seizures. We found that the independent risk factors associated with occurrence of PTS were frontal— temporal lobar contusion and severity of head injury. All these findings were statistically significant. Conclusion: We found that the independent risk factors associated with occurrence of PTS were frontal-temporal lobar contusion and severity of head injury. Type of management (Operative vs. Non operative) does not affect the outcome of PTS.

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“…Among these biochemical changes, oxygen stress resulting in disequilibrium between oxidants and antio-xidants has been postulated in pathogenesis of seizures by many authors (Ueda et al, 1998;Jacobson et al, 1999;Dal-Pizzol et al, 2000, Patel, 2002. Role of oxygen stress has been shown and discussed in experimental animal model of epileptic seizures (Mori et al, 1990; Dakin and Weaver, 1993; de la Pena and Porta-Etessam, 1998; Majkowski, 2007;Rowley and Patel, 2013;Ryan et al, 2012). The latter provided evidence for the occurrence of specific and irreversible oxidative modification of an important mitochondrial enzyme of a protein complex I.…”

Section: Epileptogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacology and Nutritional Intervention in the Treatment of Disease

Atroshi¹

2014

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Pharmacology and Nutritional Intervention in the Treatment of Disease covers topics of fundamental importance in biomedicine, basic principles of nutrition and pharmacology, health and disease research, as well as in basic biological research. While pharmacology is the science of drug action on biological systems, the nutritional aspect deals with general nutrition concepts with a focus on health promotion and therapeutic nutrition.Food and nutrition play an intimate and inextricable role in all aspects of drug metabolism, comprising, among others, safety and effectiveness. The importance of food and nutrition in the bioavailability of drugs, and vice versa, has been an area of historical interest. In spite of many synthetic compounds, the most efficient drugs available are directly or indirectly related to the plant kingdom. Many plant extracts have been shown to possess pharmacological actions. There is also accumulating evidence that the pharmacological actions, i.e. drug metabolism, distribution and effectiveness, depend on the nutritional status of a person. Natural products are a constant source of potentially active compounds for the treatment of various disorders. Natural products have, however, been largely replaced by synthetic drugs during the last century. However, the adverse side-effects and poor tolerability of many of these drugs have led to the investigation of the efficacy of dietary therapies for several disorders. For example, there is a body of evidence suggesting that metabolism-based therapy could often be considered as the initial treatment plan for patients with specific epilepsy syndromes.Nutrient-based or natural therapies are gaining popularity for many reasons. People are becoming aware of health-related information and are ready to consider disease prevention and treatments that are less intrusive than conventional allopathic medicine. Natural alternative treatments can provide an opportunity to treat a condition with a first round protocol that is less harmful for natural cell chemistry than the treatment with hard-core synthetic pharmacology. The alternative treatments are based on natural pharmacological activity as well as on cofactor activity that acts as a passive building block. Furthermore, complementary treatments have become popular because nutrigenomic science has helped us to learn more about the natural pharmacology of these remedies. This insight has allowed us to determine the activity of these natural biomedical treatments in relation to that of pharmaceutical drugs; providing reliable science-based information for safe alternative natural choices that can be applied as a first round treatment with reduced risk for side-effects. Nutrigenomic science has also allowed veterinary and human health care professionals to apply confidently complementary medicine to treat patients with natural and conventional drugs in powerful synergy. Many herbal, vitamin, antioxidant and mineral compounds have pharmacological activity similar to that of drugs and are thus able to synergize...

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Mechanisms of post-traumatic seizures: a quantum pharmacological analysis of the molecular properties of an epileptogenic focus following iron-induced membrane peroxidation

Cited by 9 publications

References 32 publications

Prognostic factors in the occurrence of posttraumatic epilepsy after penetrating head injury suffered during military service

Prognostic factors in the occurrence of posttraumatic epilepsy after penetrating head injury suffered during military service

A prospective study to determine the risk factors associated with post traumatic seizures: A single institution experience

Pharmacology and Nutritional Intervention in the Treatment of Disease

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