Mechanisms of Plant Epigenetic Regulation in Response to Plant Stress: Recent Discoveries and Implications

Abstract

Plant stress is a significant challenge that affects the development, growth, and productivity of plants and causes an adverse environmental condition that disrupts normal physiological processes and hampers plant survival. Epigenetic regulation is a crucial mechanism for plants to respond and adapt to stress. Several studies have investigated the role of DNA methylation (DM), non-coding RNAs, and histone modifications in plant stress responses. However, there are various limitations or challenges in translating the research findings into practical applications. Hence, this review delves into the recent recovery, implications, and applications of epigenetic regulation in response to plant stress. To better understand plant epigenetic regulation under stress, we reviewed recent studies published in the last 5–10 years that made significant contributions, and we analyzed the novel techniques and technologies that have advanced the field, such as next-generation sequencing and genome-wide profiling of epigenetic modifications. We emphasized the breakthrough findings that have uncovered specific genes or pathways and the potential implications of understanding plant epigenetic regulation in response to stress for agriculture, crop improvement, and environmental sustainability. Finally, we concluded that plant epigenetic regulation in response to stress holds immense significance in agriculture, and understanding its mechanisms in stress tolerance can revolutionize crop breeding and genetic engineering strategies, leading to the evolution of stress-tolerant crops and ensuring sustainable food production in the face of climate change and other environmental challenges. Future research in this field will continue to unveil the intricacies of epigenetic regulation and its potential applications in crop improvement.

Deciphering mycobiota and its functional dynamics in root hairs of Rhododendron campanulatum D. Don through Next-gen sequencing

“…In addition to distinguishable intracellular ERM hyphal coils inside rhizodermal cells in root hair, other fungi, for example, DSE (Dark Septate Endophyte), ECM fungi, AM fungi, saprophytic or pathogenic fungi, constituted the root fungal community in plant species and were considered to play either positive or negative roles for their hosts in the natural environment. These fungal taxa were similar to observations in other ericaceous plants 30 , 45 – 47 , and their functions on roots of ericaceous plants should be evaluated in further studies. In contrast to the present study, 48 reported absence of ECM and AM in the roots of Ericaceae.…”

Unraveling the genetic and molecular basis of heat stress in cotton

“…The influence of these epigenetic modifications extends significantly to agronomic traits and plant productivity. Unraveling the mechanisms of epigenetic responses in plants has the potential to bring about a significant revolution in crop breeding, especially in the context of climate change ( Abdulraheem et al, 2024 ).…”

Lead toxicity in plants: mechanistic insights into toxicity, physiological responses of plants and mitigation strategies

“… 116 , 117 Additionally, epigenetic modifications (DNA methylation and histone acetylation), also play an important role in the regulation of gene expression under Pb stress environments, which modulates the adaptive potential of plants to manage environmental challenges. 118 , 119 …”

“…Moreover, epigenetic modifications confirm that the right genes are being activated or silenced at the right time, composing a harmonious response to environmental challenges without affecting the genetic score itself. 119 , 171 …”