Mechanisms of Nutrient Uptake and Assimilation Processes in Some Plants: A Review

Abstract

Nutrient demands of plants are fulfilled via nutrient uptake by the roots, even though minor quantities of certain nutrients might be assimilated via leaves. For the reason that the majority of nutrients are assimilated by roots, an understanding of root morphology and cell structure is crucial in knowing this basic plant process. Nutrient achievement by plants hinges on ion applications on superficial, root assimilation capacity, and plant requirement. Movement of ion in plant cells is classified into active and passive. Ion concentrations in the cytoplasm of plant cells are frequently and considerably observed to be greater than in soil solutions. Consequently, roots ought to be able to take up ions in contrast to broadly diverse concentration gradients. Currently, two major theories of ion transport across membranes are reported in literature: carrier theory where carrier agents accountable for transferring ions from one side of membrane to the other; encounter specific ions for which they have attraction, form carrier ion complexes; and move across membranes and connecting ATPase theory of ion transport; which is related with the plasmalemma and is activated by cations; the ion pump theory, which is a demanding proces, transporting via electrochemical gradient. Measurements of ion uptake could be achieved through tracer techniques. Long-distance transport of ions to shoots happens in the vascular system, with water being the transporting agent. New and stimulating developments in mineral uptake mechanism of plants have momentously added to our understanding of the function of nutrients uptake in plants. Most research comparative to physiology of nutrient uptake has been conducted under controlled environment by means of particular nutrient cultures in the growth medium.

Rhizosphere Microorganisms Supply Availability of Soil Nutrients and Induce Plant Defense

“…These features include a variety of metabolic pathways, allowing them to utilize different sources of carbon and energy through processes such as aerobic and anaerobic respiration, fermentation, photosynthesis, chemolithotrophy, and methanogenesis [ 25 , 26 ]. Microorganisms also have specific mechanisms for nutrient uptake and assimilation, crucial for processing carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur, and various trace elements and vitamins [ 27 ]. Their growth is influenced by optimal conditions related to temperature, pH, and salinity, with adaptations that allow some to thrive in extreme conditions, resisting desiccation, high salinity, and extreme temperatures [ 28 ].…”