Mechanisms of Nanotoxicity

Schirmer, Kristin

doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-099408-6.00006-2

Cited by 10 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 107 publications

(108 reference statements)

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“…In such a system, cells are cultured on a porous membrane, which separates an upper (apical) and a lower (basolateral) compartment, mimicking the 2 sides of the barrier in vivo (Schirmer ). Transport of particles can be followed by measurement of their translocation across the cell layer on the porous membrane.…”

Section: Cellular Mechanisms Of Toxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Understanding the mechanisms underlying the passage or even damage to cellular barriers, however, is difficult to study in vivo, and thus, cell culturebased 2-compartment systems have been developed to study particle transport and toxicity. In such a system, cells are cultured on a porous membrane, which separates an upper (apical) and a lower (basolateral) compartment, mimicking the 2 sides of the barrier in vivo (Schirmer 2014). Transport of particles can be followed by measurement of their translocation across the cell layer on the porous membrane.…”

Section: Cellular Barriersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the other hand, whether such cellular stress responses are a primary reaction of the cells to the NM, or are a secondary response because of other damage by NMs to the cells, remains mostly undecided. It has therefore become clear that it is important to take a more integrated view of cell barriers and responses of cells to shed light on the mechanisms of NMs on cells, the functional units of life (Schirmer ).…”

Section: Cellular Mechanisms Of Toxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Nanomaterials in the environment: Behavior, fate, bioavailability, and effects—An updated review

Lead

Batley

Alvarez

et al. 2018

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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474

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The present review covers developments in studies of nanomaterials (NMs) in the environment since our much cited review in 2008. We discuss novel insights into fate and behavior, metrology, transformations, bioavailability, toxicity mechanisms, and environmental impacts, with a focus on terrestrial and aquatic systems. Overall, the findings were that: 1) despite substantial developments, critical gaps remain, in large part due to the lack of analytical, modeling, and field capabilities, and also due to the breadth and complexity of the area; 2) a key knowledge gap is the lack of data on environmental concentrations and dosimetry generally; 3) substantial evidence shows that there are nanospecific effects (different from the effects of both ions and larger particles) on the environment in terms of fate, bioavailability, and toxicity, but this is not consistent for all NMs, species, and relevant processes; 4) a paradigm is emerging that NMs are less toxic than equivalent dissolved materials but more toxic than the corresponding bulk materials; and 5) translation of incompletely understood science into regulation and policy continues to be challenging. There is a developing consensus that NMs may pose a relatively low environmental risk, but because of uncertainty and lack of data in many areas, definitive conclusions cannot be drawn. In addition, this emerging consensus will likely change rapidly with qualitative changes in the technology and increased future discharges.

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Section: Cellular Mechanisms Of Toxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Cellular Barriersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Cellular Mechanisms Of Toxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Nanomaterials in the environment: Behavior, fate, bioavailability, and effects—An updated review

Lead

Batley

Alvarez

et al. 2018

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

Self Cite

474

250

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“…During nanoparticle interaction with cells, proteins are an important class of biomolecules that are prone to binding to nanoparticles, leading to a protein corona [ 18 , 19 ]. With regard to extracellular proteins, such as the digestive proteins excreted by algae and bacteria, a so-called “eco-corona” can form [ 20 , 21 ]. Intracellular proteins, on the other hand, can bind to particles upon uptake into cells.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interaction of silver nanoparticles with algae and fish cells: a side by side comparison

et al. 2017

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BackgroundSilver nanoparticles (AgNP) are widely applied and can, upon use, be released into the aquatic environment. This raises concerns about potential impacts of AgNP on aquatic organisms. We here present a side by side comparison of the interaction of AgNP with two contrasting cell types: algal cells, using the algae Euglena gracilis as model, and fish cells, a cell line originating from rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) gill (RTgill-W1). The comparison is based on the AgNP behavior in exposure media, toxicity, uptake and interaction with proteins.Results(1) The composition of exposure media affected AgNP behavior and toxicity to algae and fish cells. (2) The toxicity of AgNP to algae was mediated by dissolved silver while nanoparticle specific effects in addition to dissolved silver contributed to the toxicity of AgNP to fish cells. (3) AgNP did not enter into algal cells; they only adsorbed onto the cell surface. In contrast, AgNP were taken up by fish cells via endocytic pathways. (4) AgNP can bind to both extracellular and intracellular proteins and inhibit enzyme activity.ConclusionOur results showed that fish cells take up AgNP in contrast to algal cells, where AgNP sorbed onto the cell surface, which indicates that the cell wall of algae is a barrier to particle uptake. This particle behaviour results in different responses to AgNP exposure in algae and fish cells. Yet, proteins from both cell types can be affected by AgNP exposure: for algae, extracellular proteins secreted from cells for, e.g., nutrient acquisition. For fish cells, intracellular and/or membrane-bound proteins, such as the Na+/K+-ATPase, are susceptible to AgNP binding and functional impairment.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12951-017-0254-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…Compared to the complex biological environment of an in vivo model, cell cultures offer several advantages. They are ideal for understanding the toxic mechanisms induced by nanoparticles and other chemicals to cells (Schirmer 2014;Reidy et al 2013). Other advantages include ease of handling, comparatively low costs, high reproducibility and the potential to scale up for high-throughput or high-content analysis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Silver nanoparticles inhibit fish gill cell proliferation in protein-free culture medium

et al. 2016

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While short-term exposures of vertebrate cells, such as from fish, can be performed in defined, serum-free media, long-term cultures generally require addition of growth factors and proteins, normally supplied with a serum supplement. However, proteins are known to alter nanoparticle properties by binding to nanoparticles. Therefore, in order to be able to study nanoparticle-cell interactions for extended periods, the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) gill cell line, RTgill-W1, was adapted to proliferate in a commercial, serum-free medium, InVitrus VP-6. The newly adapted cell strain was named RTgill-W1-pf (protein free). These cells proliferate at a speed similar to the RTgill-W1 cells cultured in a fully supplemented medium containing 5% fetal bovine serum. As well, they were successfully cryopreserved in liquid nitrogen and fully recovered after thawing. Yet, senescence set in after about 10 passages in InVitrus VP-6 medium, revealing that this medium cannot fully support long-term culture of the RTgill-W1 strain. The RTgill-W1-pf cell line was subsequently applied to investigate the effect of silver nanoparticles (AgNP) on cell proliferation over a period of 12 days. Indeed, cell proliferation was inhibited by 10 μM AgNP. This effect correlated with high levels of silver being associated with the cells. The new cell line, RTgill-W1-pf, can serve as a unique representation of the gill cell-environment interface, offering novel opportunities to study nanoparticle-cell interactions without serum protein interference.

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Mechanisms of Nanotoxicity

Cited by 10 publications

References 107 publications

Nanomaterials in the environment: Behavior, fate, bioavailability, and effects—An updated review

Nanomaterials in the environment: Behavior, fate, bioavailability, and effects—An updated review

Interaction of silver nanoparticles with algae and fish cells: a side by side comparison

Silver nanoparticles inhibit fish gill cell proliferation in protein-free culture medium

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