Mechanisms of multidimensional grouping, fusion, and search in avian texture discrimination

Cook, Robert G.; Cavoto, Kimberley K.; Cavoto, Brian R.

doi:10.3758/bf03198963

Cited by 69 publications

(80 citation statements)

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“…In both cases, if a pigeon accumulated five pecks to the target region (the area of the target and the immediately adjacent row and column of distractor elements around it) prior to accumulating five pecks to the distractor region, an accurate localization response was judged to have occurred and the food hopper was raised for 2 s. If the response was judged incorrect (i.e., to the distractor region), the display was turned off and the overhead houselight extinguished for 10 s. After either of these consequences, an illuminated 5-s intertrial interval separated the trials. Chance performance in this task is 30% as empirically determined from uniform probe trials by Cook et al (1996).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…No preliminary training was needed, as each pigeon had over 4 years of experience with the target localization task (Cook, 1992a(Cook, , 1992b(Cook, , 1993aCook et al, 1996).…”

Section: Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been found that pigeons, like humans, probably discriminate visual textures by means of early parallel mechanisms capable of perceptually grouping and segregating featural differences over large areas (Cook, 1992a(Cook, , 1992b(Cook, , 1993aCook et al, 1996). These mechanisms presumably function to rapidly extract information about object boundaries and surfaces from visual scenes for the pigeons (Cook, 1992b(Cook, , 1993bCook et al, in press).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Pigeon perception and discrimination of rapidly changing texture stimuli.

Cook¹,

Cavoto²,

Katz³

et al. 1997

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes

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The perception and discrimination of rapidly changing texture stimuli by pigeons was examined in a target localization task. Five experienced pigeons were rewarded for finding and pecking at a randomly placed odd target block of small repeated elements embedded in a larger rectangular array of contrasting distractor elements. On dynamic color test trials, the color of the target, distractor, or both of these regions changed at rates of 100, 250, 500, or 1000 ms per frame. The number of colors appearing within such trials also varied. Pigeons performed well above chance in all test conditions, with target-associated changes producing the best discrimination. The results suggest: (a) global relational information can exclusively guide target localization behavior, (b) pigeons can perceptually group and segregate colored textured differences quite rapidly (-<100 ms), and (c) pigeons may possess automatic search control processes that can be captured by stimulus-driven changes in the display.The research described in this article is part of our ongoing efforts to understand the mechanisms of visual perception and cognition in pigeons, and their comparative relations to mammalian visual perception and cognition. Our overall goal is to discern the perceptual (Cook, 1992a) and decisional processes (Cook & Wixted, 1997) involved from the point when external visual information first impinges on the animal to its final behavioral reaction to this information. By looking in detail at each aspect of how pigeons accomplish complex visual discriminations, we hope to uncover the cognitive and neural mechanisms used by these visually sophisticated animals and to compare them with those mechanisms found in other types of animals, including humans.One way we have investigated these questions is by examining in detail how pigeons process and discriminate visual textures

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…No preliminary training was needed, as each pigeon had over 4 years of experience with the target localization task (Cook, 1992a(Cook, , 1992b(Cook, , 1993aCook et al, 1996).…”

Section: Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pigeon perception and discrimination of rapidly changing texture stimuli.

Cook¹,

Cavoto²,

Katz³

et al. 1997

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes

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“…In this task, the pigeons were trained to visually search for an odd "target" region of elements that was randomly located within a larger matrix of dissimilar "distractor" elements (Cook, 1992a(Cook, , 1992bCook, Cavoto, Katz, & Cavoto, 1997;Cook, Cavoto, & Cavoto, 1996). The pigeon's task was to locate and peck at the odd target region to obtain food (see example texture in Figure 1).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional segregation of the entopallium in pigeons

Cook

Patton²,

Shimizu

2013

PsycEXTRA Dataset

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In birds, the entopallium is the primary telencephalic target of the major visual ascending route called the tectofugal pathway. Often functionally compared to the primate geniculo-striate pathway and its subsequent telencephalic (cortical) regions, the latter processes visual information in a parallel fashion in terms of anatomy, physiology, and function. Little is known, however, about the exact mechanism of whether or how information is segregated or integrated in the avian tectofugal pathway including the telencephalon. Testing four pigeons, we examined whether or not color, form, and motion information is selectively processed by different portions of the entopallium. Each learned three distinct visual tasks requiring discrimination of different combinations of color, form and motion cues. After learning and pre-lesion testing, two pigeons received lesions to the anterior portion of the entopallium and two received lesions to the posterior entopallium. During post-lesion testing the pigeons with anterior lesions exhibited significant deficits in those tasks most dependent on color and form discrimination, but showed no deficit on a task that had involved discriminating among forms that were moving. Pigeons with posterior lesions showed a different pattern of deficits, exhibiting significant reductions in discriminating both moving and static forms, but little or no deficits in color discrimination. These divergent profiles of effects for each lesion suggest there is a functional segregation of visual information processing in the pigeon telencephalon. This indicates a convergence between birds and primates regarding the parallel processing and separation of information within their phylogenetically distinct major visual pathways.

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“…Overtraining facilitated the whole reversal, whereas it retarded the partial reversal. The third method is a same/different response paradigm (Cook, Cavoto, & Cavoto, 1995, 1996Cook, Katz, & Cavoto, 1997;Cook & Wixed, 1997;Fetterman, 1991;Nakagawa, Experiment 3 in 1993a, 2000cWasserman, Hugart, & Kirkpatrick-Steger, 1995;Wright, Santiago, & Sands, 1984;Wright, Santiago, Sands, Kendrick, & Cook, 1985;Wright, Santiago, Urcuioli, & Sands, 1983;Young, Wasserman , & Garner, 1997). In this paradigm, as studied by Nakagawa (1993a), one stimulus having two geometrical figures was presented, and rats were trained to press a left response lever if two geometrical figures were the same, or a right response lever if they were different from each other, to reach a criterion.…”

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confidence: 99%

Shift Learning in Matching-to-Sample Discriminations in Rats as a Function of Overtraining

Nakagawa

2002

Psychol Rec

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Experiment 1 has examined the effect of overtraining on shift learning in a simultaneous matching-(or nonmatching-) to-sample discrimination . Experiment 2 has examined how much overtraining is required for rats to form the concept of matching in a matchingto-sample discrimination . In Experiment 1, rats were overtrained on a simultaneous matching-to-sample discrimination or nonmatching-to-sample discrimination in a discrete threestimulus-presentation T-type jumping stand and were transferred to either a nonshifted (nonshift) or a shifted task (shift). Group Nonshift learned their subsequent shift task more rapidly than Group Shift, regardless of whether rats were tested on the matching-to-sample task or the nonmatching-to-sample one (symmetry of transfer effect) . Experiment 2 shows that the apparent asymmetry of transfer effect is observed at reaching criterion (OT-O) , whereas the symmetry of transfer effect is observed after 5 days, 10 days, 15 days, and 20 days of overtraining. These results indicate that overtraining is an obvious operational precondition for symmetry of transfer effect in matching-(or nonmatching-) to-sample discrimination in rats.Recently, untrained or derived relations among stimuli during a conditional discrimination have been studied in various approach methods with nonhuman subjects such as pigeons or rats. The various approach methods have been classified roughly into three categories. The first method is a shift-nonshift paradigm of Zentall and Hogan's design (1974) (Nakagawa, 1992a, Experiment 2 in 1993a, 1993b, 2000b, 2000c b, 2001 Urcuioli, 1977; Urcuioli & Nevin, 1975;Zentall & Hogan, 1974, 1976. In this paradigm, for example, Zentall and Hogan (1974) had trained some pigeons on matching and others on oddity with one pair of stimuli, and transferred them to a new pair of stimuli , either with same rule holding as in the first problem, or with the opposite. The pigeons that had not shifted to the opposite task performed Requests for reprints should be sent to Esho Nakagawa,

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Mechanisms of multidimensional grouping, fusion, and search in avian texture discrimination

Cited by 69 publications

References 46 publications

Pigeon perception and discrimination of rapidly changing texture stimuli.

Pigeon perception and discrimination of rapidly changing texture stimuli.

Functional segregation of the entopallium in pigeons

Shift Learning in Matching-to-Sample Discriminations in Rats as a Function of Overtraining

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