Mechanisms of modulation of human swallowing motor cortex following pharyngeal stimulation

Hamdy, Shaheen; Gow, David Lee; Hobson, Anthony; Furlong, Paul L.; Rothwell, John C.; Thompson, David G.

doi:10.1016/s0016-5085(03)81277-5

Cited by 1 publication

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“…In humans lingual dysfunction is associated with a wide range of disorders including spasmodic dysphonia [1,2], dysphagia [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10], orofacial dystonia and dysarthria [11], apraxia of speech [12][13][14], obstructive sleep apnea [15,16] and cortical strokes [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26] Dysphagia also affects 60-75% of head and neck cancer patients [27], as a result of either the cancer itself, or of surgical, chemotherapeutic or radiation treatments [28], impacting quality of life [29,30]. Rehabilitation or cures for these dysfunctions depend on a solid understanding of how tongue movements are produced and controlled both biomechanically and by the central nervous system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomechanical and Cortical Control of Tongue Movements During Chewing and Swallowing

Ross

Laurence-Chasen

et al. 2023

Dysphagia

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Tongue function is vital for chewing and swallowing and lingual dysfunction is often associated with dysphagia. Better treatment of dysphagia depends on a better understanding of hyolingual morphology, biomechanics, and neural control in humans and animal models. Recent research has revealed significant variation among animal models in morphology of the hyoid chain and suprahyoid muscles which may be associated with variation in swallowing mechanisms. The recent deployment of XROMM (X-ray Reconstruction of Moving Morphology) to quantify 3D hyolingual kinematics has revealed new details on flexion and roll of the tongue during chewing in animal models, movements similar to those used by humans. XROMM-based studies of swallowing in macaques have falsified traditional hypotheses of mechanisms of tongue base retraction during swallowing, and literature review suggests that other animal models may employ a diversity of mechanisms of tongue base retraction. There is variation among animal models in distribution of hyolingual proprioceptors but how that might be related to lingual mechanics is unknown. In macaque monkeys, tongue kinematics—shape and movement—are strongly encoded in neural activity in orofacial primary motor cortex, giving optimism for development of brain–machine interfaces for assisting recovery of lingual function after stroke. However, more research on hyolingual biomechanics and control is needed for technologies interfacing the nervous system with the hyolingual apparatus to become a reality.

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