Mechanisms of Insecticidal Action of <i>Metarhizium anisopliae</i> on Adult Japanese Pine Sawyer Beetles (<i>Monochamus alternatus</i>)

Kim, Ho Myeong; Jeong, Seul-Gi; Choi, In Seong; Yang, Jung Eun; Kim, Junheon; Kim, Jong Cheol; Park, Hae Woong

doi:10.1021/acsomega.0c03585

Cited by 17 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…cuniculi, which induced the antioxidant substances glutathione S-transferase (GST), superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) (Gu et al, 2020). The proteins involved in the process can also be extracted and used together with the strains, a fact that was verified for the insecticidal protein serine protease produced by M. anisopliae JEF-279, which accelerated the development of pathogenicity against adults of sawdust beetles (Monochamus alternatus) assisting in the penetration of the insect's body by conidia (Kim et al, 2020).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

NATIVE AMAZONIAN FUNGI TO CONTROL TERMITES Nasutitermes sp. (BLATTODEA: TERMITIDAE)

Fernanda

Gleison²,

Atilon³

et al. 2021

Acta biol. Colomb.

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Termites of the Nasutitermes genus are considered one of the main urban and agroforestry pests in Brazil, where the main method of control is the application of pesticides. The uso of entomopathogenic fungi to reduce the population of this plague in the environment could be use as an alternative. The goal of this study was to evaluate the virulence of isolates native Amazonian fungi belonging to the Tolypocladium endophyticum, Metarhizium anisopliae and Metarhizium marquandii species for the control of Nasutitermes sp. The strains of T. endophyticum (4.439), M. anisopliae (4.443) and M. marquandii (4.472) with their respective isolation codes, were evaluated using suspensions at concentrations of 105, 106, 107 and 108 conidia/mL against the termites. The fungi were characterized to species level by molecular analysis. The greatest virulence was registered with T. endophyticum (4.439), with a mortality of 100 % on the 4th day of treatment for all analyzed concentrations. The M. anisopliae strain (4.443) proved to be efficient, causing a mortality of 100 % on the 7th and 6th days at dilutions of 107 and 108 conidia/mL, respectively. Rates lower than 100 % were registered with M. marquandii (4.472). Therefore, the three fungal strains showed virulence against the termites Nasutitermes sp. In this study, the fungi Tolypocladium endophyticum and Metarhizium marquandii are reported for the first time for the biological control of pests, indicating the potential of native Amazonian fungi for the biological control of thermites Nasutitermes sp.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

NATIVE AMAZONIAN FUNGI TO CONTROL TERMITES Nasutitermes sp. (BLATTODEA: TERMITIDAE)

Fernanda

Gleison²,

Atilon³

et al. 2021

Acta biol. Colomb.

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“…observed fungal adhesion and penetration to the greasy cutworm, Agrotis ipsilon , larvae using B. bassiana and M. anisopliae . Kim et al 17 . reported that co‐inoculation of M. anisopliae with its culture filtrate containing proteases resulted in higher virulence than that of the fungus alone against adult Japanese pine sawyer beetles, Monochamus alternatus , in which blastospores colonized in the hemocoel and the emerging hyphae in the body wall cuticle were evident within 8 days after treatment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For instance, Gabarty et al 12 observed fungal adhesion and penetration to the greasy cutworm, Agrotis ipsilon, larvae using B. bassiana and M. anisopliae. Kim et al 17 reported that coinoculation of M. anisopliae with its culture filtrate containing proteases resulted in higher virulence than that of the fungus alone against adult Japanese pine sawyer beetles, Monochamus alternatus, in which blastospores colonized in the hemocoel and the emerging hyphae in the body wall cuticle were evident within 8 days after treatment. Alkaibari et al 18 reported that when the yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti, was infected by M. brunneum blastospores, adhesion and penetration of the blastospores into the larval cuticle and midgut peritrophic matrix were observed 24 h after inoculation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrastructural analysis of beetle larva cuticles during infection with the entomopathogenic fungus, Beauveria bassiana

Baek

Noh

Mun

et al. 2022

Pest Management Science

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BACKGROUND: Beauveria bassiana is one of the commercially available entomopathogenic fungi (EPF), and a number of isolates with high virulence and broad host spectrum have been used to control agricultural and forest pests. Although the functional importance of genes in EPFs' pathogenesis have been extensively studied, the precise ultrastructural mechanism of the fungal infection, particularly penetration of the host insect cuticles, is not well understood.RESULTS: In this study, we investigated the morphology and ultrastructure of the larval cuticle of the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum, after treatment with B. bassiana ERL1170 expressing an enhanced green fluorescent protein (Bb-eGFP). The Bb-eGFP showed high virulence against the larvae, with approximately 90% mortality at 48 h after treatment (HAT) and 100% at 72 HAT under our infection conditions. In these larvae, the regions of the body wall with flexible cuticles, such as the ventral and ventrolateral thorax and abdomen, became darkly melanized, but there was little to no melanization in the rigid dorsal cuticular structures. Confocal microscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) indicated that germinated conidia on the surface of the larval cuticle were evident at 6 HAT, which formed penetration pegs and began to penetrate the several cuticle layers/laminae by 12 HAT. The penetration pegs then developed invading hyphae, some of which passed through the cuticle and reached the epidermal cells by 24 HAT. The larval cuticle was aggressively and extensively disrupted by 48 HAT, and a number of outgrowing hyphae were observed at 72 HAT. CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that Bb-eGFP is capable of infection and penetrating T. castaneum larvae shortly after inoculation (∼24 HAT) at the body regions with apparently flexible and membranous cuticles, such as the ventral intersegmental regions and the ventrolateral pleura. This study provides details on the histopathogenesis of the host cuticle by infection and penetration of EPFs, which can facilitate the management of insect pests.

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“…The pine sawyer beetle Monochamus alternatus Hope (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae) is a key insect vector of the pinewood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (Steiner & Buhrer) Nickle, a destructive forest pest which has caused widespread and destructive pine wilt disease (PWD) throughout Asia and Europe [ 1 – 3 ]. The pinewood nematode, native to North America (USA and Canada), was first discovered in China in 1982 [ 4 , 5 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associated bacteria of a pine sawyer beetle confer resistance to entomopathogenic fungi via fungal growth inhibition

Deng

et al. 2022

Environmental Microbiome

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Background The entomopathogenic Beauveria bassiana is a popular fungus used to control the Japanese pine sawyer, Monochamus alternatus Hope, the key vector of pine wood nematode (Bursaphelenchus xylophilus) that is the causal agent of pine wilt disease, resulting in devastating losses of pines in China and Portugal. However, recent studies have demonstrated that some insect-associated bacteria might decrease fungal toxicity and further undermine its biological control efficacy against M. alternatus. Thus, it is of great significance to uncover whether and how associated bacteria of M. alternatus become involved in the infection process of B. bassiana. Results Here, we show that axenic M. alternatus larvae died significantly faster than non-axenic larvae infected by four increasing concentrations of B. bassiana spores (Log-rank test, P < 0.001). The infection of B. bassiana significantly changed the richness and structure of the beetle-associated bacterial community both on the cuticle and in the guts of M. alternatus; meanwhile, the abundance of Pseudomonas and Serratia bacteria were significantly enriched as shown by qPCR. Furthermore, these two bacteria genera showed a strong inhibitory activity against B. bassiana (One-way ANOVA, P < 0.001) by reducing the fungal conidial germination and growth rather than regulating host immunity. Conclusions This study highlights the role of insect-associated bacteria in the interaction between pest insects and entomopathogenic fungi, which should be taken into consideration when developing microbial-based pest control strategies.

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Mechanisms of Insecticidal Action of Metarhizium anisopliae on Adult Japanese Pine Sawyer Beetles (Monochamus alternatus)

Cited by 17 publications

References 43 publications

NATIVE AMAZONIAN FUNGI TO CONTROL TERMITES Nasutitermes sp. (BLATTODEA: TERMITIDAE)

NATIVE AMAZONIAN FUNGI TO CONTROL TERMITES Nasutitermes sp. (BLATTODEA: TERMITIDAE)

Ultrastructural analysis of beetle larva cuticles during infection with the entomopathogenic fungus, Beauveria bassiana

Associated bacteria of a pine sawyer beetle confer resistance to entomopathogenic fungi via fungal growth inhibition

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