“…Critically, skepticism of pain reports is applied inequitably − women and people from racialized groups are less likely to have their pain believed − leading to disparities in pain treatment. 20,25,[34][35][36]40,49,50,55,56,59,60 To counteract and avoid biased treatment, women and people from racialized groups engage in effortful work to appear more credible and maintain dignity in clinical reporting of their pain, including concealing or underrating the severity of their pain from healthcare providers. 21,30,37,38,61 Additionally, those whose pain is typically undermined may also be less skeptical of the pain reports of others.…”