Mechanisms of inflammatory responses to radiation and normal tissues toxicity: clinical implications

Najafi, Masoud; Motevaseli, Elahe; Shirazi, Alireza; Geraily, Ghazale; Rezaeyan, Abolhasan; Norouzi, Farzad; Rezapoor, Saeed; Abdollahi, Hamid

doi:10.1080/09553002.2018.1440092

Cited by 114 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 327 publications

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“…It is confirmed that inflammatory responses to cancer therapy may lead to chronic oxidative stress, which may lead to damage to the normal function of organs. Also, it may cause accumulation of unrepaired DNA damage, leading to genomic instability and cancer (Najafi, Motevaseli, et al, ). Inflammation can induce reduction–oxidation reactions, which itself play a key role in triggering of inflammation responses.…”

Section: Protection Against Inflammation In Response To Radiation Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

Curcumin as an anti‐inflammatory agent: Implications to radiotherapy and chemotherapy

Farhood

Mortezaee

Goradel

et al. 2018

Journal Cellular Physiology

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191

115

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Cancer is the second cause of death worldwide. Chemotherapy and radiotherapy are the most common modalities for the treatment of cancer. Experimental studies have shown that inflammation plays a central role in tumor resistance and the incidence of several side effects following both chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Inflammation resulting from radiotherapy and chemotherapy is responsible for adverse events such as dermatitis, mucositis, pneumonitis, fibrosis, and bone marrow toxicity. Chronic inflammation may also lead to the development of second cancer during years after treatment. A number of anti-inflammatory drugs such as nonsteroidal antiinflammatory agents have been proposed to alleviate chronic inflammatory reactions after radiotherapy or chemotherapy. Curcumin is a well-documented herbal antiinflammatory agents. Studies have proposed that curcumin can help management of inflammation during and after radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Curcumin targets various inflammatory mediators such as cyclooxygenase-2, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), thereby attenuating the release of proinflammatory and profibrotic cytokines, and suppressing chronic production of free radicals, which culminates in the amelioration of tissue toxicity. Through modulation of NF-κB and its downstream signaling cascade, curcumin can also reduce angiogenesis, tumor growth, and metastasis. Low toxicity of curcumin is linked to its cytoprotective effects in normal tissues. This protective action along with the capacity of this phytochemical to sensitize tumor cells to radiotherapy and chemotherapy makes it a potential candidate for use as an adjuvant in cancer therapy. There is also evidence from clinical trials suggesting the potential utility of curcumin for acute inflammatory reactions during radiotherapy such as dermatitis and mucositis. K E Y W O R D S cancer, chemotherapy, curcumin, inflammation, radiotherapy J Cell Physiol. 2019;234:5728-5740. wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/jcp 5728 |

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Section: Protection Against Inflammation In Response To Radiation Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

Curcumin as an anti‐inflammatory agent: Implications to radiotherapy and chemotherapy

Farhood

Mortezaee

Goradel

et al. 2018

Journal Cellular Physiology

Self Cite

191

115

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“…Given that NO could lead to nitroace‐tylation and inactivation of Ogg1, these events resulted in downregulation of other downstream genes (ie, X‐ray repair cross‐complementing 1 (Xrcc1) and apurinic/apyrimidinic endodeoxyribo‐nuclease 1 [Apex1]). In this regard, NO can induce the accumulation of DNA damage and the promotion of genomic instability . It has been shown that melatonin accelerates the kinetics of DNA repair following exposure of DNA to ROS .…”

Section: Anticancer Features Of Melatoninmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Besides the direct action of melatonin, this agent enables neutralizing free radicals through induction of suppression of redox enzyme activity (DUOX1&2, NOX2&4, iNOS, and mitochondria derived ROS) or antioxidant enzymes . Therefore, these features make melatonin a potential therapeutic agent for radioprotection during radiotherapy or exposure to nuclear or radiological pollutants or warfare …”

Section: Anticancer Features Of Melatoninmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this regard, NO can induce the accumulation of DNA damage and the promotion of genomic instability. 75 It has been shown that melatonin accelerates the kinetics of DNA repair following exposure of DNA to ROS. 76 Hence, it seems that melatonin could be used as an anticancer agent in the treatment of various cancers, such as leukemia.…”

Section: Anticancer Features Of Melatoninmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…76 Therefore, these features make melatonin a potential therapeutic agent for radioprotection during radiotherapy or exposure to nuclear or radiological pollutants or warfare. 75,76 One of the main physiological and antitumor functions of melatonin is the modulation of linoleic acid uptake and metabolism in tumor cells. 83…”

Section: Anticancer Features Of Melatoninmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Melatonin: A promising agent targeting leukemia

Shafabakhsh

Mirzaei

Asemi

2019

J of Cellular Biochemistry

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Leukemia or cancer of blood is a well‐known cancer, which affects a range of people from newborns to the very old. It is a public health problem throughout the world. By way of treatment, due to the lack of specific anticancer therapies, common treatments of leukemia lead to severe side effects. Nonspecific anticancer drugs result in inhibition of normal cell growth and thereby their necrosis. Moreover, drug resistance is an additional problem, which stands in the way of leukemia treatment. Thus, finding new treatments for leukemia is essential. Melatonin, as a natural product, has been shown to be effective in a wide variety of diseases such as coronary heart disease, schizophrenia, chronic pain, and Alzheimer's disease. In addition, melatonin levels have been observed to be altered in different cancers, such as breast cancer, colorectal cancer endometrial cancer, and hematopoetical cancers. Anticancer features of melatonin such as pro‐oxidation, apoptosis induction, antiangiogenesis property and metastasis and invasion inhibition suggest that this natural compound can be used as a potential agent in novel therapeutic strategies for cancers. Also, it has been reported that melatonin has positive and protective effects on different physiological reactions and in normal bone marrow cells suggesting effectiveness in leukemia therapy. Thus, the aim of our paper was to depict and summarize the main molecular targets of melatonin on leukemia models.

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Melatonin and cancer: From the promotion of genomic stability to use in cancer treatment

Farhood

Goradel

Mortezaee

et al. 2018

Journal Cellular Physiology

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Cancer remains among the most challenging human diseases. Several lines of evidence suggest that carcinogenesis is a complex process that is initiated by DNA damage. Exposure to clastogenic agents such as heavy metals, ionizing radiation (IR), and chemotherapy drugs may cause chronic mutations in the genomic material, leading to a phenomenon named genomic instability. Evidence suggests that genomic instability is responsible for cancer incidence after exposure to carcinogenic agents, and increases the risk of secondary cancers following treatment with radiotherapy or chemotherapy. Melatonin as the main product of the pineal gland is a promising hormone for preventing cancer and improving cancer treatment. Melatonin can directly neutralize toxic free radicals more efficiently compared with other classical antioxidants. In addition, melatonin is able to regulate the reduction/oxidation (redox) system in stress conditions. Through regulation of mitochondrial nction and inhibition of pro-oxidant enzymes, melatonin suppresses chronic oxidative stress. Moreover, melatonin potently stimulates DNA damage responses that increase the tolerance of normal tissues to toxic effect of IR and may reduce the risk of genomic instability in patients who undergo radiotherapy. Through these mechanisms, melatonin attenuates several side effects of radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Interestingly, melatonin has shown some synergistic properties with IR and chemotherapy, which is distinct from classical antioxidants that are mainly used for the alleviation of adverse events of radiotherapy and chemotherapy. In this review, we describe the anticarcinogenic effects of melatonin and also its possible application in clinical oncology. K E Y W O R D S apoptosis, chemotherapy, DNA damage, melatonin, oncology, mitochondria, genomic instability, radiotherapy

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Mechanisms of inflammatory responses to radiation and normal tissues toxicity: clinical implications

Cited by 114 publications

References 327 publications

Curcumin as an anti‐inflammatory agent: Implications to radiotherapy and chemotherapy

Curcumin as an anti‐inflammatory agent: Implications to radiotherapy and chemotherapy

Melatonin: A promising agent targeting leukemia

Melatonin and cancer: From the promotion of genomic stability to use in cancer treatment

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