Mechanisms of increased immunogenicity for DNA-based vaccines adsorbed onto cationic microparticles

CpG Oligodeoxynucleotides Adsorbed onto Polylactide-Co-Glycolide Microparticles Improve the Immunogenicity and Protective Activity of the Licensed Anthrax Vaccine

“…Antigen can be adsorbed onto (or encapsulated within) PLG microparticles. The antigen-bound particles are readily taken up and processed by professional antigen-presenting cells, promoting the induction of humoral and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte responses (7,34,35,38,39). Since the adjuvant-like properties of PLG microparticles differ from those of CpG ODN, Singh et al examined whether the combination could improve the immunogenicity of a coadministered antigen (37).…”

“…Biodegradable cationic polylactide-co-glycolide (PLG) microparticles represent a different form of immune adjuvant. PLG improve the uptake and processing of adsorbed antigen by antigen-presenting cells (3,6,7,28,35,36,37). The current work examines whether CpG ODN adsorbed onto PLG microparticles (CpG ODN-PLG) increase the speed and magnitude of protective anti-PA immunity induced by coadministered AVA.…”

Polylactide-co-glycolide (PLG) microparticles modify the immune response to DNA vaccination

“…APCs may also be directly transfected, but this is thought to be a less important mode of action. PLG forms a depot at the site of injection lasting for at least 7 days, accompanied by expression of encoded antigen [27]. The mechanical trauma of injection and presence of PLG recruits phagocytes and activates antigen presenting cells at the injection site.…”

DNA Vaccination by Electrogene Transfer

“…They are readily internalised by phagocytic cells of the immune system, leading to an enhanced antigen presentation to the immune effector cells. Furthermore, microparticulates appear to improve delivery of DNA to APCs by facilitating trafficking to the local lymphoid tissue via the afferent lymph and antigen uptake by dendritic cells Denis-Mize et al 2003;Dupuis et al 2000). Moreover, antigen and adjuvant molecules can be delivered to the same cell at the same time being entrapped together in biodegradable microparticles such as poly-lactide-co-glycolide (PLG) or chitosan, or complexed with non-ionic block copolymers or polycations such as polyethyleneimine.…”