Mechanisms of inclusion-induced pitting of stainless steels: A review

Sun, Yangting; Tan, Xin; Lan, Rulei; Ran, Guoyong; Li, Jin; Jiang, Yiming

doi:10.1016/j.jmst.2023.06.008

Cited by 23 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 129 publications

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“…Theoretically, the higher the value of E corr is, the lower is the value of I corr , indicating that the metal corrosion resistance is better [35]. Pitting corrosion of stainless steel requires special attention and generally occurs at inclusions or grain boundaries [36]. The anodic current undergoes an abrupt change when pitting occurs, and the potential inflection point obtained at this time is the pitting potential (E b ).…”

Section: Potentiodynamic Polarizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Alternating Magnetic Field on the Organization and Corrosion Resistance of 2205 Duplex Stainless Steel Narrow-Gap Laser-MIG Hybrid Weld Head

He,

Zhao,

et al. 2023

Coatings

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In this study, an alternating magnetic field is applied in the narrow-gap laser-MIG hybrid welding of 2205 duplex stainless steel with a thickness of 25 mm to achieve the purpose of balancing the ration of the two phases, refining the grains and improving the corrosion resistance. With the help of OM, EBSD, TEM, and other microstructural analysis methods, the organization evolution of a 2205 duplex stainless steel narrow-gap laser arc hybrid weld under the effect of alternating magnetic field is revealed. The corrosion resistance of the welded joints is investigated by electrochemical tests. The results show that the use of a 40 mT applied alternating magnetic field can not only effectively inhibit the generation of porosity and unfused defects in the weld, but also that the addition of an alternating magnetic field improves the ratio of austenite to ferrite in the weld, and the ratio of the two phases is increased from 0.657 without a magnetic field to 0.850. The weld grain preferential orientation is affected by the magnetic field, and the weld austenite grains are shifted from the Goss texture to the Copper texture. Under the electromagnetic stirring effect of the applied magnetic field, the average austenite grain size decreased from 4.15 μm to 3.82 μm, and the average ferrite grain size decreased from 4.99 μm to 4.08 μm. In addition, the effect of the alternating magnetic field increases the density of twins in the organization. Electrochemical test results show that the addition of an alternating magnetic field increases the corrosion potential by 75.2 mV and the pitting potential by 134.5 mV, which indicates that the corrosion resistance of the cover-welded specimens is improved by the effect of an alternating magnetic field. The improvement in corrosion resistance mainly depends on the austenite grain refinement and the increase in the austenite content.

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Section: Potentiodynamic Polarizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Alternating Magnetic Field on the Organization and Corrosion Resistance of 2205 Duplex Stainless Steel Narrow-Gap Laser-MIG Hybrid Weld Head

He,

Zhao,

et al. 2023

Coatings

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“…Sulfide inclusions, such as MnS, are preferred initiation sites for pitting corrosion in stainless steels 8 – 12 . The presence of MnS inclusions on steel surfaces causes discontinuities in the passive films, leading to the chloride ions readily attacking these sites.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical properties of MnSe inclusions and improving the pitting corrosion resistance of stainless steel via Se microalloying

Nishimoto,

Katsuyama,

Muto

2024

Sci Rep

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Controlling the electrochemical properties of non-metallic inclusions is of substantial interest in the design of corrosion-resistant alloys. To the best of our knowledge, the dissolution and pitting corrosion behavior of selenide inclusions in stainless steels and the improvement of the pitting corrosion resistance of type 304 stainless steels via Se microalloying have not been investigated. In this study, stainless steel specimens containing artificial MnS and MnSe inclusions were fabricated via spark plasma sintering to systematically investigate their electrochemical properties. The superior pitting corrosion resistance and dissolution resistance of MnSe to those of MnS were demonstrated. The results obtained from the sintered specimens were applied to improve the pitting corrosion resistance of type 304 stainless steels via Se microalloying. Adding a trace amount of Se (0.005 mass%) altered the readily soluble sulfide inclusions to dissolution-resistant selenide-type inclusions, resulting in improved pitting corrosion resistance of type 304 stainless steel.

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“…Oxide inclusions are unavoidable in steelmaking, and although they are less reactive than sulfides, they also often act as a root of pitting corrosion. 9 Wang et al 6 reported that the preferential dissolution of calcium aluminate led to pitting corrosion due to its conductivity, but MgO•Al 2 O 3 spinel was an insulator that remained intact or directly detached from the steel matrix. Liu et al 10 observed that microgaps and high dislocation density regions around Al 2 O 3 inclusions could initiate pitting corrosion, and the formation of the occluded cell and the oxygen concentration cell accelerated the expansion of pitting pits.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, studies − have also manifested that sulfide inclusions (MnS, CaS) are the most effective pitting inducers, and the H + and HS – produced by their dissolution form a localized acidified space and accelerate the dissolution of the steel matrix. Oxide inclusions are unavoidable in steelmaking, and although they are less reactive than sulfides, they also often act as a root of pitting corrosion . Wang et al reported that the preferential dissolution of calcium aluminate led to pitting corrosion due to its conductivity, but MgO•Al 2 O 3 spinel was an insulator that remained intact or directly detached from the steel matrix.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Cerium on Inclusion Evolution and Pitting Corrosion of Nb-Microalloyed Steel

Zhang,

Yu,

Zhang

et al. 2024

Langmuir

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Nb-microalloyed steels are widely used in construction engineering fields due to their excellent mechanical properties, but they face serious corrosion problems in service environments. Pitting corrosion is the severest form of corrosion, and the types of inclusions are the leading cause to induce pitting corrosion. A new strategy is proposed to enhance the corrosion resistance of steels by achieving a beneficial transformation of inclusions with Ce treatment. In this paper, two types of Nbmicroalloyed steels (0% Ce and 0.0058% Ce steel) were prepared to study the modification effect on inclusions in industrial production. The spherical CaS•C 12 A 7 inclusions were modified to smaller ellipsoidal Ce 2 O 2 S inclusions, and the proportion of inclusions (0−2 μm) increased significantly from 27 to 66%, while large inclusions (>6 μm) disappeared. A kinetic model of inclusion evolution was established. The results of electrochemical tests indicated that the corrosion potential was positively shifted, and the corrosion current was reduced after Ce treatment. Additionally, the number of defects in the passivation film was decreased, and the corrosion resistance of the steel was significantly improved. The addition of Ce changed the types of inclusions and reduced the number of pitting nucleation points, which led to a remarkable reduction in the number and size of pitting pits. The mechanism of pitting corrosion induced by different types of inclusions was further investigated, and a pitting corrosion model was modeled based on the immersion experiments. Research results provide theoretical support for enhancing the corrosion resistance of steel.

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Mechanisms of inclusion-induced pitting of stainless steels: A review

Cited by 23 publications

References 129 publications

Effect of Alternating Magnetic Field on the Organization and Corrosion Resistance of 2205 Duplex Stainless Steel Narrow-Gap Laser-MIG Hybrid Weld Head

Effect of Alternating Magnetic Field on the Organization and Corrosion Resistance of 2205 Duplex Stainless Steel Narrow-Gap Laser-MIG Hybrid Weld Head

Electrochemical properties of MnSe inclusions and improving the pitting corrosion resistance of stainless steel via Se microalloying

Effect of Cerium on Inclusion Evolution and Pitting Corrosion of Nb-Microalloyed Steel

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