Mechanisms of immunity to malaria and the possibilities of a blood-stage vaccine: a critical appraisal

Butcher, G. A.

doi:10.1017/s0031182000062247

Cited by 15 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 99 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…of host erythrocytes (13). Antigens recognized by antibodies from hosts demonstrating immunity to clinical disease during Plasmodium species, B. rhodaini, B. bovis, and B. bigemina infections include surface proteins of erythrocyte-stage parasites (3,11,12,22,33), the only blood stage of the parasites that is extracellular and directly accessible to serum antibodies (12). It was demonstrated that cattle immune to infection with B. bovis had high-titer antibodies preferentially directed against four immunodominant erythrocyte-stage surface proteins (11).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Antibodies directed against erythrocyte-stage surface proteins may be important effectors of immunity in hemoprotozoan infections (3,11,12,22). Antibodies recognizing erythrocyte-stage surface proteins of Plasmodium species, B. rhodaini, B. bovis, and B. bigemina are found in infected hosts demonstrating immunity to clinical disease (3,11,12,22,32). Also, cattle with immunity to B. bovis have high-titer antibodies preferentially directed against four immunodominant erythrocyte-stage surface proteins (11).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Specific immune responses are required to control parasitemia in Babesia equi infection

1994

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Horses possessing a normal immune system and spleen often control infection caused by Babesia equi. However, splenectomized horses are unable to control B. equi infection and usually succumb to the infection. To investigate the role of the spleen in the control of B. equi infection in the absence of specific immune responses, two 1-month-old foals with severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) and two age-matched normal foals were inoculated with B. equi. The SCID foals became febrile seven days postinoculation and developed terminal parasitemias of 41 and 29%. The SCID foals had greater than 50% decreases in indices of total erythrocytes, packed-cell volumes, and hemoglobin concentrations. Both SCID foals were euthanized in extremis at 10 days postinoculation. As expected, the serum of the SCID foals lacked detectable antibodies to B. equi antigens. In contrast, the normal foals inoculated with B. equi produced detectable anti-erythrocytestage parasite antibodies by 7 days and controlled clinical disease by 12 days postinoculation. Although SCID foals lack functional T and B lymphocytes, they do possess complement, macrophages, granulocytes, and natural killer cells, as well as a spleen. Therefore, the data indicate that specific immune responses are required to control B. equi parasitemia but are not required for erythrocyte lysis in infected horses. Furthermore, the spleen is not able to control B. equi parasitemia in the absence of specific immune responses to parasite antigens.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Specific immune responses are required to control parasitemia in Babesia equi infection

1994

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…It follows that H Ã 1 > 1 and R 5 > 1. Since H Ã 1 > 1, we see thatẼ 3 exists. This indicates R 3 > 1 and R 4 > 1.…”

Section: Conclusion Conditions Conclusionmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…In fact, humoral immunity clears free merozoites and cellular immunity clears infected red blood cells. These immune responses may not be linear-dependent because antibodies can fight against free merozoites on their own or in cooperation with T cells [2,3].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Global analysis of a mathematical model on malaria with competitive strains and immune responses

Chen

Wang

et al. 2015

Applied Mathematics and Computation

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…Lastly, inspection of blood films of HIVP patients for the presence of ' crisis form ' parasites (Butcher, 1989) would, if found, suggest that non-antibody mechanisms are probably implicated in the control of the infection. Although it is usually claimed these do not occur in human malaria, Garnham suggested they might be present in P. vivax infections (Garnham, 1966 b).…”

Section: N C O N C L U S I O N?mentioning

confidence: 99%

T-cell depletion and immunity to malaria in HIV-infections

Butcher

2004

Parasitology

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Although early reports on HIV and malaria in co-infected subjects indicated little apparent interaction between the two infections, more recent investigations have found evidence for HIV increasing the risk from malaria. Conversely, increased viral load in susceptible cells occurs in malaria-infected people. However, the overall pattern of results is still somewhat confusing and contradictory. While morbidity from malaria may be greater in HIV-positive patients and in several reports the mortality risk is also higher, major increases in blood-stage parasitaemias that one might expect are not generally observed. The results of surveys are summarized and discussed in the context of what is known of malaria and HIV immunology in the light of recent data from humans as well as animal models.

show abstract

Mechanisms of immunity to malaria and the possibilities of a blood-stage vaccine: a critical appraisal

Cited by 15 publications

References 99 publications

Specific immune responses are required to control parasitemia in Babesia equi infection

Specific immune responses are required to control parasitemia in Babesia equi infection

Global analysis of a mathematical model on malaria with competitive strains and immune responses

T-cell depletion and immunity to malaria in HIV-infections

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About