Mechanisms of Immune Responses in Cnidarians

Ocampo, Iván Darío; Cadavid, Luis F.

doi:10.15446/abc.v20n2.46728

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Based on this evidence, the ability of cnidarians to control the production and composition of a mucous matrix and its associated bacteria may represent an important part of immunity (Ocampo and Cadavid, 2015). The ability of some bacteria to produce antimicrobial compounds is likely to contribute to competition for space and resources with potential pathogenic host bacteria.…”

Section: Biological and Ecological Function Of Cnidarian Mucusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mucus secretions in Cnidarian, an ecological, adaptive and evolutive tool

et al. 2022

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Mucus secretion provides an interface with unique and multifunctional properties between the epithelial cells of many aquatic organisms and their surrounding environment. Indeed, mucus is involved in various essential biological processes including feeding, reproduction, osmoregulation, competition for space, defense against pathogens, xenobiotics, and a multitude of environmental stressors. The ability to produce a functional mucus layer is an important evolutionary step, arising first in Cnidaria that allowed for the development of the mucus-lined digestive cavity seen in higher metazoans. Mucus secretion by cnidarians has been moderately investigated in both corals and jellyfish, which among cnidarians are the ones that have shown the highest secretion rates to date. However, although in corals the production of mucus has received more attention, especially in view of the important ecological role played in coral reefs, in medusozoans the topic is little considered. Although the mucus secreted by corals has innumerable and important immunological, nutritional, and protective responsibilities, it should be remembered that jellyfish too represent a fundamental component of marine trophic web, playing numerous and important roles that are still unclear today. What is certain is that jellyfish are characterized (especially in the era of climate change) by large fluctuations in population density, the ecological implications of which are poorly understood. However, in both cases (Medusozoans and Anthozoans) to date some aspects relating to mucous secretions seem completely obscure, such as the microbiome and its variations as a function of environmental conditions or ontogenetic development, its implications in the field of immunological ecology, the consequent energy costs and finally the role played by the mucus in evolutionary terms. This review summarizes the properties, functions, ecological implications and evolutionary importance of mucus, in cnidarians, mainly focusing its roles in corals and jellyfish. Understanding these aspects relating to the ecological and evolutionary importance played by mucus is of fundamental importance for the ecosystems functioning.

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Section: Biological and Ecological Function Of Cnidarian Mucusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mucus secretions in Cnidarian, an ecological, adaptive and evolutive tool

et al. 2022

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“…On account of these evidences the ability of cnidarians to control production and composition of a mucosal matrix and its associated bacteria can represent an important part of immunity [52]. Mucus indeed contains many microorganisms and bacteria, and the Vibrio genus particularly prevails in the cultivable bacterial isolates from the mucus of several other Anthozoans [53].…”

Section: Interaction With Microbial Communitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cnidarian Immunity and the Repertoire of Defense Mechanisms in Anthozoans

Parisi

Parrinello

Stabili

et al. 2020

Biology

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Anthozoa is the most specious class of the phylum Cnidaria that is phylogenetically basal within the Metazoa. It is an interesting group for studying the evolution of mutualisms and immunity, for despite their morphological simplicity, Anthozoans are unexpectedly immunologically complex, with large genomes and gene families similar to those of the Bilateria. Evidence indicates that the Anthozoan innate immune system is not only involved in the disruption of harmful microorganisms, but is also crucial in structuring tissue-associated microbial communities that are essential components of the cnidarian holobiont and useful to the animal’s health for several functions including metabolism, immune defense, development, and behavior. Here, we report on the current state of the art of Anthozoan immunity. Like other invertebrates, Anthozoans possess immune mechanisms based on self/non-self-recognition. Although lacking adaptive immunity, they use a diverse repertoire of immune receptor signaling pathways (PRRs) to recognize a broad array of conserved microorganism-associated molecular patterns (MAMP). The intracellular signaling cascades lead to gene transcription up to endpoints of release of molecules that kill the pathogens, defend the self by maintaining homeostasis, and modulate the wound repair process. The cells play a fundamental role in immunity, as they display phagocytic activities and secrete mucus, which acts as a physicochemical barrier preventing or slowing down the proliferation of potential invaders. Finally, we describe the current state of knowledge of some immune effectors in Anthozoan species, including the potential role of toxins and the inflammatory response in the Mediterranean Anthozoan Anemonia viridis following injection of various foreign particles differing in type and dimensions, including pathogenetic bacteria.

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