Mechanisms of exercise-induced preconditioning in skeletal muscles

Powers, Scott K.; Bomkamp, Matthew P.; Özdemir, Merve; Hyatt, Hayden W.

doi:10.1016/j.redox.2020.101462

Cited by 25 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…Exercise has been recognized by the World Health Organization (WHO) as an effective intervention to prevent or alleviate various chronic diseases [ 171 ]. Endurance exercise training also provides cytoprotection to skeletal muscle fibers against damaging insults such as chemical-induced injury and inactivity-induced atrophy [ 172 ]. Although the mechanism of exercise-provoked benefits has not been fully elucidated, it is hypothesized that mitochondrial remodeling plays a central role because exercise promotes mitochondrial turnover in skeletal muscles [ 173 ].…”

Section: Therapeutic Potential Of Myokines In Mitochondria/ros Rosmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mitochondria Homeostasis and Oxidant/Antioxidant Balance in Skeletal Muscle—Do Myokines Play a Role?

Pang¹,

Chan²,

Chan³

2021

Antioxidants

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Mitochondria are the cellular powerhouses that generate adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to substantiate various biochemical activities. Instead of being a static intracellular structure, they are dynamic organelles that perform constant structural and functional remodeling in response to different metabolic stresses. In situations that require a high ATP supply, new mitochondria are assembled (mitochondrial biogenesis) or formed by fusing the existing mitochondria (mitochondrial fusion) to maximize the oxidative capacity. On the other hand, nutrient overload may produce detrimental metabolites such as reactive oxidative species (ROS) that wreck the organelle, leading to the split of damaged mitochondria (mitofission) for clearance (mitophagy). These vital processes are tightly regulated by a sophisticated quality control system involving energy sensing, intracellular membrane interaction, autophagy, and proteasomal degradation to optimize the number of healthy mitochondria. The effective mitochondrial surveillance is particularly important to skeletal muscle fitness because of its large tissue mass as well as its high metabolic activities for supporting the intensive myofiber contractility. Indeed, the failure of the mitochondrial quality control system in skeletal muscle is associated with diseases such as insulin resistance, aging, and muscle wasting. While the mitochondrial dynamics in cells are believed to be intrinsically controlled by the energy content and nutrient availability, other upstream regulators such as hormonal signals from distal organs or factors generated by the muscle itself may also play a critical role. It is now clear that skeletal muscle actively participates in systemic energy homeostasis via producing hundreds of myokines. Acting either as autocrine/paracrine or circulating hormones to crosstalk with other organs, these secretory myokines regulate a large number of physiological activities including insulin sensitivity, fuel utilization, cell differentiation, and appetite behavior. In this article, we will review the mechanism of myokines in mitochondrial quality control and ROS balance, and discuss their translational potential.

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Section: Therapeutic Potential Of Myokines In Mitochondria/ros Rosmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mitochondria Homeostasis and Oxidant/Antioxidant Balance in Skeletal Muscle—Do Myokines Play a Role?

Pang¹,

Chan²,

Chan³

2021

Antioxidants

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“…Both exercise preconditioning and reconditioning can reverse the atrophic muscular profile developed during a period of inactivity, through (1) enhancement of mitochondrial content and respiration, (2) attenuation of ROS production, and (3) reduced signaling within apoptotic and proteolytic pathways. Thus, exercise serves to protect, or reverse the structural and oxidative damage that accompanies disuse in skeletal muscle, while also improving protein synthesis rates, as well as the clearance of suboptimal mitochondria ( Figure 1 H) [ 93 , 99 , 102 , 127 , 165 , 166 , 167 , 168 , 169 , 170 , 171 ].…”

Section: Exercise Induces Changes In Cellular Signaling Pathwaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mitochondrial Bioenergetics and Turnover during Chronic Muscle Disuse

Memme

Slavin

Moradi

et al. 2021

IJMS

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Periods of muscle disuse promote marked mitochondrial alterations that contribute to the impaired metabolic health and degree of atrophy in the muscle. Thus, understanding the molecular underpinnings of muscle mitochondrial decline with prolonged inactivity is of considerable interest. There are translational applications to patients subjected to limb immobilization following injury, illness-induced bed rest, neuropathies, and even microgravity. Studies in these patients, as well as on various pre-clinical rodent models have elucidated the pathways involved in mitochondrial quality control, such as mitochondrial biogenesis, mitophagy, fission and fusion, and the corresponding mitochondrial derangements that underlie the muscle atrophy that ensues from inactivity. Defective organelles display altered respiratory function concurrent with increased accumulation of reactive oxygen species, which exacerbate myofiber atrophy via degradative pathways. The preservation of muscle quality and function is critical for maintaining mobility throughout the lifespan, and for the prevention of inactivity-related diseases. Exercise training is effective in preserving muscle mass by promoting favourable mitochondrial adaptations that offset the mitochondrial dysfunction, which contributes to the declines in muscle and whole-body metabolic health. This highlights the need for further investigation of the mechanisms in which mitochondria contribute to disuse-induced atrophy, as well as the specific molecular targets that can be exploited therapeutically.

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“…Muitos pacientes desenvolvem insuficiência respiratória e requerem ventilação mecânica (VM) para manter a troca gasosa pulmonar adequada e essa medida promove a diminuição da força muscular dos músculos respiratórios, conforme o tempo em que o indivíduo permanece na VM. Indivíduos que praticam exercícios de resistência promovem adaptações fisiológicas que incluem o músculo diafragma, aumentando a proteção contra vários desafios, incluindo redução de tempo em caso de VM necessária (6).…”

Section: Desenvolvimentounclassified

Atividade física e CoViD-19 – implicações biopsicofisiológicas: uma resenha do artigo de revisão de Woods et al.

Marson

2021

Rev Ed Física / J Phys Ed

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Introdução: Como parte da Edição Especial de 2020 I, a Revista de Educação Física / Journal of Physical Education (REF/JPE) está trazendo aspectos científicos da prática de atividade física relacionados à pandemia de CoViD-19. Objetivo: Apresentar e indicar aos leitores da REF/JPE, a leitura o estudo de revisão sistemática de Woods et al., publicado em um periódico internacional sobre as implicações de mecanismos celulares, efeitos do envelhecimento, nutrição adequada e atividade física regular no contexto da CoViD-19. Conclusão: A CoViD-19 afeta, principalmente, os sistemas respiratório e imunológico. A recomendação para indivíduos saudáveis é a de que devem permanecer fisicamente ativos, ainda que em distanciamento social a fim de promover sua saúde. Recomenda-se a leitura do trabalho de Woods et al.

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Mechanisms of exercise-induced preconditioning in skeletal muscles

Cited by 25 publications

References 69 publications

Mitochondria Homeostasis and Oxidant/Antioxidant Balance in Skeletal Muscle—Do Myokines Play a Role?

Mitochondria Homeostasis and Oxidant/Antioxidant Balance in Skeletal Muscle—Do Myokines Play a Role?

Mitochondrial Bioenergetics and Turnover during Chronic Muscle Disuse

Atividade física e CoViD-19 – implicações biopsicofisiológicas: uma resenha do artigo de revisão de Woods et al.

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