Mechanisms of Exercise-Induced Cardiac Remodeling Differ Between Young and Aged Hearts

Schmitt, Emily E.; McNair, Benjamin D.; Polson, Sydney M; Cook, Ross; Bruns, Danielle R.

doi:10.1249/jes.0000000000000290

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 61 publications

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“…For male rats on a high-fat diet, 12 weeks of running exercise (60 min per session, five sessions per week) was associated with higher SOD1 levels in the aorta and mesenteric artery, relative to those in the non-exercise group [ 76 ]. In a human study, it has been reported that exercise training is effective in restoring the function and structure of the heart and blood vessels with the increase in SOD1 levels [ 77 ]. Recent reports indicating that resistance training is less effective than aerobic training in activating antioxidative function [ 78 , 79 ] support the use of dynamic-resistance exercise, such as in our study, for restoring antioxidative function.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic Resistance Exercise Alters Blood ApoA-I Levels, Inflammatory Markers, and Metabolic Syndrome Markers in Elderly Women

Ahn

Kim

2022

Healthcare

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Combined endurance and dynamic-resistance exercise has important anti-inflammatory effects, altering vascular endothelial function, and helping to prevent and treat aging-related metabolic syndrome (MS). We studied changes in 40 elderly women aged ≥ 65 years (control group (no MS), n = 20, mean age: 68.23 ± 2.56 years; MS group, n = 19, mean age: 71.42 ± 5.87 years; one left). The exercise program comprised dynamic-resistance training using elastic bands, three times weekly, for six months. We analyzed body composition, blood pressure, physical fitness, and MS-related blood variables including ApoA-I, antioxidant factors, and inflammatory markers. After the program, the MS group showed significant reductions in waist-hip ratio, waist circumference, diastolic blood pressure, blood insulin, and HOMA-IR, and a significant increase in HSP70 (p < 0.05). Both groups showed significant increases in ApoA-I levels, ApoA-I/HDL-C ratio, SOD2, IL-4, and IL-5 levels (p < 0.05). Active-resistance training-induced changes in ApoA-I were significantly positively correlated with changes in HDL-C and HSP70, and significantly negatively correlated with changes in triglycerides, C-reactive protein, and TNF-α (p < 0.05). Active-resistance training qualitatively altered HDL, mostly by altering ApoA-I levels, relieving vascular inflammation, and improving antioxidant function. This provides evidence that dynamic-resistance exercise can improve physical fitness and MS risk factors in elderly women.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic Resistance Exercise Alters Blood ApoA-I Levels, Inflammatory Markers, and Metabolic Syndrome Markers in Elderly Women

Ahn

Kim

2022

Healthcare

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Association of physical activity and trajectories of physical activity with cardiovascular disease

Chrysant

2023

Expert Review of Cardiovascular Therapy

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Juvenile physical activity protects against isoproterenol-induced cardiac dysfunction later in life

Yusifov

Borders

DeHoff

et al. 2023

Journal of Applied Physiology

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Cardiovascular disease is an enormous public health problem, particularly in older populations. Exercise is the most potent cardioprotective intervention identified to date, with exercise in the juvenile period potentially imparting greater protection given the plasticity of the developing heart. To test the hypothesis that voluntary wheel running early in life would be cardioprotective later in life when risk for disease is high, we provided male and female juvenile (3-week old) mice access to a running wheel for two weeks. Mice then returned to a home cage to age to adulthood (4-6 months) before exposure to isoproterenol (ISO) to induce cardiac stress. Cardiac function and remodeling were compared to sedentary control mice, sedentary mice exposed to ISO, and mice that exercised in adulthood immediately before ISO. Early in life activity protected against ISO-induced stress as evidenced by attenuated cardiac mass, myocyte size, and fibrosis compared to sedentary ISO. ISO-induced changes in cardiac function were ameliorated in male mice that engaged in wheel running, with ejection fraction and fractional shortening reversed to control values. Adrenergic receptor expression was downregulated in juvenile male runners. This suppression persisted in adulthood following ISO, providing a putative mechanism by which exercise in the young male heart provides resilience to cardiac stress later in life. Together, we show that activity early in life induces persistent cardiac changes that attenuate ISO-induced stress in adulthood. Identification of the mechanisms by which early in life exercise is protective will yield valuable insight into how exercise is medicine across the life-course.

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Mechanisms of Exercise-Induced Cardiac Remodeling Differ Between Young and Aged Hearts

Abstract: Exercise is cardioprotective via distinct mechanisms in aged and young hearts.

Cited by 3 publications

References 61 publications

Dynamic Resistance Exercise Alters Blood ApoA-I Levels, Inflammatory Markers, and Metabolic Syndrome Markers in Elderly Women

Dynamic Resistance Exercise Alters Blood ApoA-I Levels, Inflammatory Markers, and Metabolic Syndrome Markers in Elderly Women

Association of physical activity and trajectories of physical activity with cardiovascular disease

Juvenile physical activity protects against isoproterenol-induced cardiac dysfunction later in life

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