Mechanisms of emmetropization and what might go wrong in myopia

Schaeffel, Frank; Swiatczak, Barbara

doi:10.1016/j.visres.2024.108402

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 209 publications

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“…In our previous study, the lag or facility did not change significantly after short-term 2D viewing, 10 a conclusion supported studies. [31][32][33] The effects of prolonged 2D display use, particularly with regard to myopia development, 34,35 requires further clarification as such displays are increasingly prevalent in modern society.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Autostereoscopic 3D viewing can change the dimensions of the crystalline lens in myopes

Huang,

Ten,

Zhan

et al. 2024

Ophthalmic Physiologic Optic

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PurposeAutostereoscopic displays have become increasingly common, but their impact on ocular dimensions remains unknown. We sought to identify changes in the crystalline lens dimensions induced by autostereoscopic three‐dimensional (3D) viewing.MethodsForty young adults (age: 22.6 ± 2.0 years, male/female: 15/25) were consecutively enrolled and randomly divided into two groups (3D and two‐dimensional [2D] viewing groups) to watch a 30‐min movie clip displayed in 3D or 2D mode on a tablet computer. The lens thickness (LT), diameter, curvature, decentration and tilt were measured with anterior segment optical coherence tomography under both non‐accommodating (static) and accommodating conditions.ResultsIn the static condition, the LT decreased by 0.03 ± 0.03 mm (p < 0.001) and the anterior radius of curvature (ARC) increased by 0.49 ± 0.59 mm (p = 0.001) post‐3D viewing. In contrast, following 2D viewing, the ARC decreased by 0.23 ± 0.25 mm (p = 0.001). Additionally, the increase in the steep ARC post‐3D viewing was greater in high‐myopic eyes than low to moderate myopic eyes (p = 0.04). When comparing the accommodative with the static (non‐accommodative) condition, for 3D viewing the lens decentration decreased (−0.03 ± 0.05 mm, p = 0.02); while for 2D viewing, the posterior curvature radius (−0.14 ± 0.20 mm, p = 0.006) and diameter (−0.13 ± 0.20 mm, p = 0.01) decreased.ConclusionsViewing with the autostereoscopic 3D tablet could temporally decrease the thickness and curvature of the lens under non‐accommodating conditions. However, its long‐term effect requires further exploration.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Autostereoscopic 3D viewing can change the dimensions of the crystalline lens in myopes

Huang,

Ten,

Zhan

et al. 2024

Ophthalmic Physiologic Optic

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Interactions between high-intensity light and unrestricted vision in the drive for hyperopia

Biswas,

Fianza Busoy,

Barathi

et al. 2024

Preprint

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PURPOSETo evaluate the impact of optical versus illuminance factors and their duration-dependency on lens-induced hyperopia (LIH) in chick eyes.METHODSHyperopia was induced in one eye in chicks (10 groups, n=126) from day 1 (D1) post-hatching until D8 using +10 D lenses with fellow eyes as controls. One group (LIH) served as the control without any interventions. Remaining groups were exposed to 2, 4 or 6 hours of unrestricted vision (UnV), high intensity light (HL), or both (HL +UnV). Ocular axial length (AL), refractive error, and choroidal thickness were measured on days 1, 4, and 8. Inter-ocular difference (IOD = experimental - contralateral eye) ± SEM was used to express outcome measures.RESULTSBy D8, LIH decreased AL (-0.42±0.03 mm) and produced hyperopic refraction (+3.48±0.32 D) and choroidal thickening (+85.81±35.23 µm) in the LIH group (all, P<0.001). Exposure to UnV reduced LIH (i.e., hyperopic refraction, axial shortening, and choroidal thickening) in a duration-dependent manner, whereas HL potentiated the development of LIH in a duration-dependent manner. When combined, UnV overpowered HL, with resultant impact on refraction and AL being close to UnV alone, except after 6 hours, when HL+UnV induced shorter AL compared to UnV alone (P=0.03).CONCLUSIONDaily exposure to HL, UnV, and HL+UnV altered LIH in a duration-dependent manner with UnV and LIH producing competing signals. The signal generated by UnV was generally stronger than HL in combined exposure, yet longer durations of HL affected the drive for emmetropization in eyes with UnV.

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Mechanisms of emmetropization and what might go wrong in myopia

Cited by 2 publications

References 209 publications

Autostereoscopic 3D viewing can change the dimensions of the crystalline lens in myopes

Autostereoscopic 3D viewing can change the dimensions of the crystalline lens in myopes

Interactions between high-intensity light and unrestricted vision in the drive for hyperopia

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