Mechanisms of Defence to Pathogens: Biochemistry and Physiology

Garcion, Christophe; Lamotte, Olivier; Cacas, Jean‐Luc; Métraux, Jean‐Pierre

doi:10.1002/9780470995983.ch6

Cited by 25 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 260 publications

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“…After recognition and induction of early responses, amplification of the signal involves SA-, JA-, and ET-dependent signaling pathways (Dangl et al 2013;Garcion et al 2007). For instance, resistance against P. syringae has been described to rely on SA-dependent signaling (Grant and Jones 2009;Verhage et al 2010), while the plant defenses against B. cinerea and herbivore attack are dependent on one or both JA or ET (Agrawal et al 2014;Glazebrook 2005;Schweizer et al 2013;Thomma et al 2001).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additionally, programmed cell death or hypersensitive response has been described as part of the immune response and is regulated by the ROS accumulated during the plantpathogen interactions (Bellin et al 2013;Lehmann et al 2015). Finally, after hours or days, late defense responses are induced, including accumulation of toxic secondary metabolites, production of histological barriers such as callose or lignin, and the induction of phytohormone-induced signaling pathways that bring other parts of the plant to a state of alert and defense (Dangl et al 2013;Garcion et al 2007).…”

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confidence: 99%

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The Cuticle Mutanteca2Modifies Plant Defense Responses to Biotrophic and Necrotrophic Pathogens and Herbivory Insects

Blanc

Coluccia

L’Haridon

et al. 2018

MPMI

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We isolated previously several Arabidopsis thaliana mutants with constitutive expression of the early microbe-associated molecular pattern–induced gene ATL2, named eca (expresión constitutiva de ATL2). Here, we further explored the interaction of eca mutants with pest and pathogens. Of all eca mutants, eca2 was more resistant to a fungal pathogen (Botrytis cinerea) and a bacterial pathogen (Pseudomonas syringae) as well as to a generalist herbivorous insect (Spodoptera littoralis). Permeability of the cuticle is increased in eca2; chemical characterization shows that eca2 has a significant reduction of both cuticular wax and cutin. Additionally, we determined that eca2 did not display a similar compensatory transcriptional response, compared with a previously characterized cuticular mutant, and that resistance to B. cinerea is mediated by the priming of the early and late induced defense responses, including salicylic acid– and jasmonic acid–induced genes. These results suggest that ECA2-dependent responses are involved in the nonhost defense mechanism against biotrophic and necrotrophic pathogens and against a generalist insect by modulation and priming of innate immunity and late defense responses. Making eca2 an interesting model to characterize the molecular basis for plant defenses against different biotic interactions and to study the initial events that take place in the cuticle surface of the aerial organs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

The Cuticle Mutanteca2Modifies Plant Defense Responses to Biotrophic and Necrotrophic Pathogens and Herbivory Insects

Blanc

Coluccia

L’Haridon

et al. 2018

MPMI

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“…This is referred to as PAMPtriggered immunity (PTI) [3,4]. Typical responses of PTI include the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), calcium (Ca 2+ ) influx from extracellular spaces and changes in free cytosolic Ca 2+ concentrations, cell-wall alterations, production of phytoalexins, protein phosphorylation, activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways and induction of gene transcription providing protection against non-host pathogens and limiting disease [5][6][7]. If pathogens overcome PTI, the second level of defense takes place mainly inside the cell via the action of the specific resistance (R) proteins characterized by conspicuous nucleotide-binding leucine-rich-repeats domains.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The novel elicitor AsES triggers a defense response against Botrytis cinerea in Arabidopsis thaliana

et al. 2015

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AsES (Acremonium strictum Elicitor and Subtilisin) is a novel extracellular elicitor protein produced by the avirulent isolate SS71 of the opportunist strawberry fungal pathogen A. strictum. Here we describe the activity of AsES in the plant-pathogen system Arabidopsis thaliana-Botrytis cinerea. We show that AsES renders A. thaliana plants resistant to the necrotrophic pathogen B. cinerea, both locally and systemically and the defense response observed is dose-dependent. Systemic, but not local resistance is dependent on the length of exposure to AsES. The germination of the spores in vitro was not inhibited by AsES, implying that protection to B. cinerea is due to the induction of the plant defenses. These results were further supported by the findings that AsES differentially affects mutants impaired in the response to salicylic acid, jasmonic acid and ethylene, suggesting that AsES triggers the defense response through these three signaling pathways.

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“…As a consequence of the degeneration process, the haustoria were completely encased in a callose‐like amorphous material, probably infused with phenolics synthesized by the host. Cell wall appositions, consisting mainly of callose and lignin (Garcion et al. 2007), occur especially in Vitis species resistant to P. viticola as a consequence of the pathogen recognition (Trouvelot et al.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Histological and Ultrastructural Studies on the Curative Effects of Mandipropamid on Plasmopara viticola

Toffolatti

Maffi

Serrati³

et al. 2010

Journal of Phytopathology

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The mandelic acid amide, mandipropamid, which belongs to the carboxylic acid amide (CAA) fungicides, is active against Plasmopara viticola, the causal agent of grapevine downy mildew. The fungicide primarily inhibits the germination of encysted zoospores, thus preventing the pathogenÕs penetration into the host tissues, but it also shows curative effects. In this study, the infection structures of P. viticola in both leaves and berries were investigated to detect the histological and ultrastructural alterations induced by mandipropamid when applied after inoculation. Compared to the untreated samples characterized by a diffuse colonization of the tissues and by a normal ultrastructure of the pathogen, the application of mandipropamid 24 h after inoculation with P. viticola reduced pathogen colonization in leaves and berries. In addition, detachment of the plasmalemma from the hyphal and haustorial walls was observed 72 h after inoculation. In the berries, an abnormal proliferation of the pathogen plasma membrane was observed. Collapsed hyphae and haustoria in treated leaves were surrounded by callose or encapsulated in an amorphous material inside the host cell 72 h after inoculation, while a similar effect was observed in later stages (7 days) in berries. The results confirm that mandipropamid, which acts at the interface between the pathogen plasmalemma and cell wall, has curative activity against P. viticola, appearing more rapidly in leaves than in berries.

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Mechanisms of Defence to Pathogens: Biochemistry and Physiology

Cited by 25 publications

References 260 publications

The Cuticle Mutanteca2Modifies Plant Defense Responses to Biotrophic and Necrotrophic Pathogens and Herbivory Insects

The Cuticle Mutanteca2Modifies Plant Defense Responses to Biotrophic and Necrotrophic Pathogens and Herbivory Insects

The novel elicitor AsES triggers a defense response against Botrytis cinerea in Arabidopsis thaliana

Histological and Ultrastructural Studies on the Curative Effects of Mandipropamid on Plasmopara viticola

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