Mechanisms of Cognitive Impairment in Depression. May Probiotics Help?

Dobielska, Maria; Bartosik, Natalia Karina; Zyzik, Kamil A.; Kowalczyk, Edward; Karbownik, Michał Seweryn

doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.904426

Cited by 17 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 143 publications

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“…A recent population-based study of middle-aged adults demonstrated that microbial community composition on the basis of beta-diversity was associated with all cognitive measures in multivariable-adjusted analysis [ 128 ], suggesting a role of gut microbiota in cognitive decline with aging. It has also been suggested that dysbiosis of gut microbiota may play a role in cognitive impairment in patients with psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia, MDD, and BD [ 128 – 132 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Arketamine for cognitive impairment in psychiatric disorders

Hashimoto

2023

Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci

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Cognitive impairment has been observed in patients with various psychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia, major depressive disorder (MDD), and bipolar disorder (BD). Although modern therapeutic drugs can improve certain symptoms (i.e., psychosis, depression) in these patients, these drugs have not been found to improve cognitive impairment. The N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist (R,S)-ketamine has attracted attention as a rapidly acting antidepressant. In addition to its robust antidepressant effects, (R,S)-ketamine has been suggested to improve cognitive impairment in patients with MDD and BD, despite causing cognitive impairment in healthy control subjects. (R,S)-ketamine is a racemic mixture of equal amounts of (R)-ketamine (or arketamine) and (S)-ketamine (or esketamine). Arketamine has been found to have more potent antidepressant-like actions than esketamine in rodents. Interestingly, arketamine, but not esketamine, has been suggested to improve phencyclidine-induced cognitive deficits in mice. Furthermore, arketamine has been suggested to ameliorate cognitive deficits in rodent offspring after maternal immune activation. In the current article, it is proposed that arketamine has therapeutic potential for treating cognitive impairment in patients with psychiatric disorders. Additionally, the potential role of the gut–microbiome–brain axis in cognitive impairment in psychiatric disorders is discussed.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Arketamine for cognitive impairment in psychiatric disorders

Hashimoto

2023

Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci

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“…The association between mood and cognition in depressed individuals without a comorbid neurologic disorder is well documented. Depressed individuals are more likely to have impaired cognitive speed, memory, naming ability, planning, and problem-solving compared to non-depressed individuals [ 29 ]. The association between depression and cognitive difficulties in individuals with PSD is thought to reflect the effect of co-occurring brain damage (hippocampal damage leads to forgetfulness and emotion-regulation difficulties) or changes in environment (sadness with reduced opportunities leading to trouble with attention and forgetfulness) [ 30 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological, Psychiatric, Psychosocial, and Cognitive Factors of Poststroke Depression

Dulay

Criswell

Hodics

2023

IJERPH

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Background: Depression is the most common psychiatric condition that occurs after cerebrovascular accident, especially within the first year after stroke. Poststroke depression (PSD) may occur due to environmental factors such as functional limitations in daily activities, lower quality of life, or biological factors such as damage to areas in the brain involved in emotion regulation. Although many factors are hypothesized to increase the risk of PSD, the relative contribution of these factors is not well understood. Purpose: We evaluated which cross-sectional variables were associated with increased odds of PSD in our adult outpatient stroke neuropsychology clinic population. Methods: The sample included 325 patients (49.2% female; mean age of 59-years old) evaluated at an average of 8.1 months after an ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke. Variables included in logistic regression were stroke characteristics, demographics, psychosocial factors, comorbid medical problems, comorbid psychiatric conditions, and cognitive status. The Mini International Neuropsychiatric Inventory was used to determine DSM-defined PSD and anxiety disorders. A standard neuropsychological test battery was administered. Results: PSD occurred in 30.8% of the sample. Logistic regression indicated that increased odds of PSD were associated with a comorbid anxiety disorder (5.9 times more likely to suffer from PSD, p < 0.001). Further, increased odds of PSD were associated with a history of depression treatment before stroke (3.0 times more likely to suffer from PSD), fatigue (2.8 times more likely), memory impairment (2.4 times more likely), and younger age at stroke (all p values < 0.006). Discussion: Results suggest that PSD is likely multifactorial and extends the literature by demonstrating that a comorbid anxiety disorder correlated strongest with PSD. Poststroke screening and treatment plans should address not only depression but comorbid anxiety.

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“…Probiotics play a crucial role in reducing oxidative stress by producing various antioxidant enzymes (catalase and superoxide dismutase), antioxidants (butyrate, folate, and glutathione), and chelating metal ions. Probiotics may prevent immune actions like inflammatory responses by inhibiting TLR activation ( Dobielska et al, 2022 ). The reduced inflammatory state could enhance the blood-brain barrier integrity and improve neurological functions ( Wang et al, 2023 ).…”

Section: Mechanisms Underlying Probiotic Effects On the Gut-brain Axismentioning

confidence: 99%

Probiotics as modulators of gut-brain axis for cognitive development

Kumar,

Sivamaruthi,

Dey

et al. 2024

Front. Pharmacol.

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Various microbial communities reside in the gastrointestinal tract of humans and play an important role in immunity, digestion, drug metabolism, intestinal integrity, and protection from pathogens. Recent studies have revealed that the gut microbiota (GM) is involved in communication with the brain, through a bidirectional communication network known as the gut-brain axis. This communication involves humoral, immunological, endocrine, and neural pathways. Gut dysbiosis negatively impacts these communication pathways, leading to neurological complications and cognitive deficits. Both pre-clinical and clinical studies have demonstrated that probiotics can restore healthy GM, reduce intestinal pH, and reduce inflammation and pathogenic microbes in the gut. Additionally, probiotics improve cell-to-cell signaling and increase blood-brain-derived neurotrophic factors. Probiotics emerge as a potential approach for preventing and managing neurological complications and cognitive deficits. Despite these promising findings, the safety concerns and possible risks of probiotic usage must be closely monitored and addressed. This review article provides a brief overview of the role and significance of probiotics in cognitive health.

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Mechanisms of Cognitive Impairment in Depression. May Probiotics Help?

Cited by 17 publications

References 143 publications

Arketamine for cognitive impairment in psychiatric disorders

Arketamine for cognitive impairment in psychiatric disorders

Biological, Psychiatric, Psychosocial, and Cognitive Factors of Poststroke Depression

Probiotics as modulators of gut-brain axis for cognitive development

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