Mechanisms of Cadmium Accumulation in Plants

Sterckeman, Thibault; Thomine, Sébastien

doi:10.1080/07352689.2020.1792179

Cited by 165 publications

(86 citation statements)

References 384 publications

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“…The absence of Cd biomagnification in dodders may be attributed to a limited transfer of Cd from soybean plants. In line with the results of numerous studies (e.g., see reviews from [9]), the majority of Cd absorbed from soil was retained in the roots of soybean plants, the process of which is believed as a primary adaptive response to reduce Cd concentration thus moderating Cd toxicity to the aboveground of plants [9]. Due to insufficient discrimination of plants between Cd ions and other essential metal ions, Cd ions can be easily taken up by root cells from soil solutions [31].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…Among various heavy metals, cadmium (Cd) is a non-essential element and can be naturally found in the earth's crust at low concentrations [7]. In addition to some natural processes (e.g., rock weathering and volcanic eruptions), the major sources of Cd contamination in topsoil originate from anthropogenic activities, including phosphate fertilizer applications, industrial waste disposal, fossil fuel combustions, and sewage sludge amendments [4,8,9]. Owing to its relative mobility in soil, Cd is among the most available heavy metals for plant uptake [6,8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The transfer and accumulation of Cd through food chains have received great attention for more than half a century [9]. There is ample evidence showing that Cd can be biomagnified (i.e., more concentrated) through the trophic levels of food chains in terrestrial ecosystems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Trophic Transfer without Biomagnification of Cadmium in a Soybean-Dodder Parasitic System

Chen

Wang

2021

Plants

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Cadmium (Cd) is among the most available and most toxic heavy metals taken up by plants from soil. Compared to the classic plant-animal food chains, the host-parasitic plant food chains have, thus far, been largely overlooked in the studies of Cd trophic transfer. To investigate the pattern of Cd transfer during the infection of parasitic plants on Cd-contaminated hosts, we conducted a controlled experiment that grew soybeans parasitized by Chinese dodders (Cuscuta chinensis) in soil with different levels of Cd treatment, and examined the concentration, accumulation, allocation and transfer coefficients of Cd within this parasitic system. Results showed that among all components, dodders accounted for more than 40% biomass of the whole system but had the lowest Cd concentration and accumulated the least amount of Cd. The transfer coefficient of Cd between soybean stems and dodders was much lower than 1, and was also significantly lower than that between soybean stems and soybean leaves. All these features were continuously strengthened with the increase of Cd treatment levels. The results suggested no evidence of Cd biomagnification in dodders parasitizing Cd-contaminated hosts, and implied that the Cd transfer from hosts to dodders may be a selective process.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Trophic Transfer without Biomagnification of Cadmium in a Soybean-Dodder Parasitic System

Chen

Wang

2021

Plants

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“…Unlike in the roots, Cd in the shoots was not solely stored as Cd–S but also as Cd–O ( Figure 4 ). Generally, less is known about the function of storage forms in the shoot compared to the root ( Sterckeman and Thomine, 2020 ). Our observation that large fractions of Cd in the shoot were bound to O donor atoms coincides with previous studies that detected larger fractions of Cd bound to Cd–O in shoots of rice compared to roots ( Yamaoka et al, 2010 ; Yan et al, 2016 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes of Cadmium Storage Forms and Isotope Ratios in Rice During Grain Filling

et al. 2021

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Rice poses a major source of the toxic contaminant cadmium (Cd) for humans. Here, we elucidated the role of Cd storage forms (i.e., the chemical Cd speciation) on the dynamics of Cd within rice. In a pot trial, we grew rice on a Cd-contaminated soil in upland conditions and sampled roots and shoots parts at flowering and maturity. Cd concentrations, isotope ratios, Cd speciation (X-ray absorption spectroscopy), and micronutrient concentrations were analyzed. During grain filling, Cd and preferentially light Cd isotopes were strongly retained in roots where the Cd storage form did not change (Cd bound to thiols, Cd–S = 100%). In the same period, no net change of Cd mass occurred in roots and shoots, and the shoots became enriched in heavy isotopes (Δ114/110Cdmaturity–flowering = 0.14 ± 0.04‰). These results are consistent with a sequestration of Cd in root vacuoles that includes strong binding of Cd to thiol containing ligands that favor light isotopes, with a small fraction of Cd strongly enriched in heavy isotopes being transferred to shoots during grain filling. The Cd speciation in the shoots changed from predominantly Cd–S (72%) to Cd bound to O ligands (Cd–O, 80%) during grain filling. Cd–O may represent Cd binding to organic acids in vacuoles and/or binding to cell walls in the apoplast. Despite this change of ligands, which was attributed to plant senescence, Cd was largely immobile in the shoots since only 0.77% of Cd in the shoots were transferred into the grains. Thus, both storage forms (Cd–S and Cd–O) contributed to the retention of Cd in the straw. Cd was mainly bound to S in nodes I and grains (Cd–S > 84%), and these organs were strongly enriched in heavy isotopes compared to straw (Δ114/110Cdgrains/nodes–straw = 0.66–0.72‰) and flag leaves (Δ114/110Cdgrains/nodes–flag leaves = 0.49–0.52‰). Hence, xylem to phloem transfer in the node favors heavy isotopes, and the Cd–S form may persist during the transfer of Cd from node to grain. This study highlights the importance of Cd storage forms during its journey to grain and potentially into the food chain.

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“…Industrial and urban emissions are listed as being among the main sources of Cd contamination of the soil. Cd concentrations in food depend on the geographical localization, the bioavailability from the soil, as well as plants’ genetics and the fertilizers used [ 25 ]. In non-smoking populations, diet is a major source of Cd exposure [ 26 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of the Safe Consumption of Nuts in Terms of the Content of Toxic Elements with Chemometric Analysis

et al. 2021

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Nuts are characterized by high nutritional value and are recommended as a part of a healthy diet. At the same time, toxic elements could also be found in them. In this research, we measured the content of As, Cd, Pb and Hg in a wide variety of edible nuts. To determine the As content, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was applied. Cd and Pb were detected by the electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry analytical technique (ETAAS) with Zeeman background correction, while atomic absorption spectrometry method (AAS) with the amalgamation technique in the case of Hg was used. The study material consisted of 120 samples without replications (10 for each subgroup) including the following nuts: almonds, Brazil nuts, cashew nuts, hazelnuts, macadamia nuts, peanuts, pecan nuts, pine nuts, pistachios and walnuts. Indicators such as the target hazard quotient (THQ), cancer risk (CR) and hazard index (HI) were used to assess the health risk. The highest median As, Cd, Pb and Hg contents were observed for pistachios (192.42 µg/kg), pine nuts (238.40 µg/kg), peanuts (82.06 µg/kg) and pecans (82.06 µg/kg), respectively. The exceedance of the established limits was found in the case of Pb for nine samples: macadamia nuts (221.49 µg/kg; 2350.94 µg/kg; 2581.43 µg/kg), pine nuts (266.33 µg/kg), peanuts (1353.80 µg/kg) and pecans (2689.13 µg/kg, 2758.26 µg/kg, 2992.29 µg/kg and 3169.41 µg/kg). Extremely high (>2500 µg/kg) Pb content was found in 33% of studied pecans imported from the USA. The health risk indicators did not identify increased health risk. This research is significant considering the food safety issues and indicates the need to regularly control the content of toxic elements in food, as well as to establish the specific limits for heavy metals content in nuts. The chemometric analysis included cluster analysis and principal component analysis (PCA). Cluster analysis made it possible to distinguish four subgroups on the basis of the ability to accumulate toxic elements: pine nuts, pecans, pistachios and other analysed nuts. PCA indicated primarily factor 1, distinguishing mainly pecans, macadamia nuts and peanuts. Chemometric analysis can be a useful tool in estimating the ability of different nut species to accumulate contaminants.

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Mechanisms of Cadmium Accumulation in Plants

Cited by 165 publications

References 384 publications

Trophic Transfer without Biomagnification of Cadmium in a Soybean-Dodder Parasitic System

Trophic Transfer without Biomagnification of Cadmium in a Soybean-Dodder Parasitic System

Changes of Cadmium Storage Forms and Isotope Ratios in Rice During Grain Filling

Assessment of the Safe Consumption of Nuts in Terms of the Content of Toxic Elements with Chemometric Analysis

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