Mechanisms of blue light-induced eye hazard and protective measures: a review

Ouyang, Xinli; Yang, Jing; Hong, Zexin; Wu, Yide; Xie, Yongfang; Wang, Guohui

doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110577

Cited by 104 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…Exposure to very intense light irradiation for an extended period may result in chemical changes in retinal cells thus ultimately leading to cell death [ 35 ]. The importance of light-induced phototoxicity has gained attention in the last years, considering that long-term exposure to video displays and light-emitting diodes may trigger morphological and functional alterations of the retina thus contributing to the increase in the incidence of retinal diseases [ 36 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary Supplementation of Antioxidant Compounds Prevents Light-Induced Retinal Damage in a Rat Model

et al. 2021

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Light-induced retinal damage (LD) is characterized by the accumulation of reactive oxygen species leading to oxidative stress and photoreceptor cell death. The use of natural antioxidants has emerged as promising approach for the prevention of LD. Among them, lutein and cyanidin-3-glucoside (C3G) have been shown to be particularly effective due to their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. However, less is known about the possible efficacy of combining them in a multicomponent mixture. In a rat model of LD, Western blot analysis, immunohistochemistry and electroretinography were used to demonstrate that lutein and C3G in combination or in a multicomponent mixture can prevent oxidative stress, inflammation, gliotic and apoptotic responses thus protecting photoreceptor cells from death with higher efficacy than each component alone. Combined efficacy on dysfunctional electroretinogram was also demonstrated by ameliorated rod and cone photoreceptor responses. These findings suggest the rationale to formulate multicomponent blends which may optimize the partnering compounds bioactivity and bioavailability.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary Supplementation of Antioxidant Compounds Prevents Light-Induced Retinal Damage in a Rat Model

et al. 2021

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“…However, this can only happen with long-term blue light exposure and with frequent exposure to frequency. 14 The limitation in this study is that the researcher cannot control confounding variables such as measuring the number of blinks of the subjects, there are 2 types of smartphone screens used in this study, the researcher also does not equate what is done when the treatment uses a smartphone so the research subjects are free to use their smartphone for anything in which smartphone use with high concentrations such as watching videos and playing games also have an effect on the amount of blinking which also affects the tear evaporation which later affects the Schirmer test results. 3,5…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Difference of Schirmer Test Results Before and After Using Smartphones with Various Screen Brightness Levels

Dumadi

Maharani

Kesoema

et al. 2021

Diponegoro. Int. Med. J.

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Background : The use of smartphones and other digital devices such as laptops and tablets is familiar in Indonesian society. Excessive uses of the devices are associated with dry eye syndrome and tear film dysfunction. The intensity of blue light when penetrating the eye is believed to affect tear film stability. Thus it will encourage tear evaporation which proved by Schirmer test.Objective : To find out the difference of Schirmer test results before and after using a smartphone with various screen brightness levels.Methods : This study used pretest-posttest quasi-experimental study. The research subjects were students of the Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University (n = 30) who were selected by purposive sampling. In this study, the research subjects used smartphones for an hour with a predetermined screen brightness level, with the same room lighting. Before and after treatment the subject was measured the quantity of tears using the Schirmer test. Data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon test, Mann Whitney U test, and Kruskal Wallis test.Results : The average pretest result on low brightness was 25,60 ± 9,44 and the post-test result was 17,60 ± 8,45. The pre-test result on medium brightness was 27,90 ± 9,46 and the post-test result was 24,80 ± 10,46. The pre-test result on high brightness was 23,60 ± 6,80 and the post-test result was 19,10 ± 7,95. The Schirmer test results before and after using smartphones with low brightness showed a significant different (P<0.05) and there was no significant difference for the pre-post test using smartphones with medium and high brightness. Comparison of Schirmer test results on low, medium and high screen brightness did not show a significant difference.Conclusion : There is no significant difference between the Schirmer test results among low, medium and high screen brightness after one hour of smartphone usage.

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“…23) Blue light has been reported to generate hydroxyl radicals, superoxide anions, and singlet oxygen in mitochondria as well. 12) Hydroxyl radicals cause lipid peroxidation, protein denaturation, and DNA damage and induce apoptosis in cells. 24) Previously, some free radical scavengers have shown a protective effect against photo-oxidative damage.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Excessive light exposure has been shown to cause oxidative stress by leading to the formation of free radicals and other reactive oxygen species (ROS), including superoxide anions. [12][13][14] Thus, free radical scavenging may be useful to protect against light-induced oxidative tissue damage. NSP-116, 4-(4-acetylpiperazin-1-yl)-2-(1H-imidazol-1-yl) aniline, is a novel imidazolyl aniline derivative (Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Free-Radical Scavenger NSP-116 Protects the Corneal Epithelium against UV-A and Blue LED Light Exposure

Ishida

Yako

Tanaka

et al. 2021

Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin

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The corneal epithelium is continuously exposed to oxygen, light, and environmental substances. Excessive exposure to those stresses is thought to be a risk factor for eye diseases. Photokeratitis is damage to the corneal epithelium resulting in a painful eye condition caused by unprotected exposure to UV rays, usually from sunlight, and is often found in people who spend a long time outdoors. In modern life, human eyes are exposed to artificial light from light-emitting diode (LED) displays of computers and smartphones, and it has been shown that short-wavelength (blue) LED light can damage eyes, especially photoreceptors. However, the effect of blue LED light on the cornea is less understood. In addition, it is important to develop new treatments for preserving human eyesight and eye health from light stress. Here, we used human corneal epithelial cells-transformed (HCE-T) cells as an in-vitro model to investigate the protective effect of NSP-116, an imidazolyl aniline derivative, against the oxidative stress induced by light in the corneal epithelium. Treatment with 10 µM NSP-116 significantly increased the cell viability and reduced the death ratio following UV or blue LED light exposure. Furthermore, NSP-116 treatment decreased light-induced reactive oxygen species production and preserved the mitochondrial membrane potential. Immunoblotting data showed that NSP-116 suppressed the stress response pathway. Finally, NSP-116 treatment prevented corneal epithelial apoptosis induced by blue LED light in an in-vivo mouse model. In conclusion, NSP-116 has a protective effect against oxidative stress and corneal cell death from both UV and blue LED light exposure.

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Mechanisms of blue light-induced eye hazard and protective measures: a review

Cited by 104 publications

References 70 publications

Dietary Supplementation of Antioxidant Compounds Prevents Light-Induced Retinal Damage in a Rat Model

Dietary Supplementation of Antioxidant Compounds Prevents Light-Induced Retinal Damage in a Rat Model

Difference of Schirmer Test Results Before and After Using Smartphones with Various Screen Brightness Levels

Free-Radical Scavenger NSP-116 Protects the Corneal Epithelium against UV-A and Blue LED Light Exposure

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