Mechanisms of adaptation of pathogenic bacteria to environmental factors

Abstract

Biochemical mechanisms of pathogenic bacteria Yersinia pseudotuberculosis and Listeria monocytogenes ensuring their survival in the habitat were investigated. Low temperature and poor trophicity induce synthesis of cold isozymes in bacteria and accumulation of coenzymes of NAD and NADP-dependent dehydrogenases and intensify assimilation of hydrogen, oxygen, carbogen, and nitrogen maintaining energy and constructive metabolism under unfavorable environmental conditions.

Far Eastern Scarlet-Like Fever is a Special Clinical and Epidemic Manifestation of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis Infection in Russia

“…Genetic and biochemical mechanisms of psychrophilicity are carried out at the isoenzyme level, and a low temperature is an inducer that includes the synthesis of “cold” isoenzymes that provide the necessary level of bacterial metabolism with a decrease in the thermal energy of the system [ 19 ]. The psychrophilicity of pathogenic bacteria, including Y. pseudotuberculosis , has epidemiological and pathogenetic significance [ 19 ].…”

“…Genetic and biochemical mechanisms of psychrophilicity are carried out at the isoenzyme level, and a low temperature is an inducer that includes the synthesis of “cold” isoenzymes that provide the necessary level of bacterial metabolism with a decrease in the thermal energy of the system [ 19 ]. The psychrophilicity of pathogenic bacteria, including Y. pseudotuberculosis , has epidemiological and pathogenetic significance [ 19 ]. The epidemiological significance of psychrophilicity lies in the fact that it provides the ability of highly virulent bacteria to actively reproduce and accumulate in environmental objects, which qualifies as a reservoir of causative agents of sapronous infections.…”

“…The key positions of the modern doctrine of sapronoses [ 25 ] indicate that in the process of adaptation to environmental conditions by means of genetic and biochemical mechanisms, an increase in the level of bacteria metabolism in adverse living conditions is provided. The main genetic and biochemical mechanisms of adaptation of sapronoses causative agents to changing ecological conditions include [ 25 ]: (1) the ability to reproduce in a wide temperature range (from 0 to 40 °C) due to the synthesis of “cold” and “thermal” isoenzymes that ensure the maintenance of the metabolic level necessary for life bacteria during the transition from environmental objects to the warm-blooded organism and back; (2) the deterioration in the nutritional conditions of model bacteria when excreted from a warm-blooded organism into the environment causes them to rearrange their metabolism from a heterotrophic to an autotrophic pathway, which allows them to assimilate carbon dioxide and other C 1 compounds and use their carbon to synthesize the necessary cells biopolymers (DNA, RNA, lipids, proteins); (3) with a decrease in the metabolic intensity after the transition of bacteria from the internal environment of a warm-blooded organism to the external environment, the causative agents of sapronoses begin to absorb hydrogen more intensely as a “combustible” material for the respiratory chain of bacterial cells which is associated with the synthesis of adenosine triphosphate, the main energy accumulator in cells.…”

The Investigation of Intensity Biofilm Formation Listeria Monocytogenes at Different Temperatures

“…Первичным природным резервуаром листерий является почва, в особенности богатая гумусом. Из нее возбудитель попадает в различ-ные организмы [1].…”

“…Кроме того, важнейшим механизмом адаптации L. monocytogenes является их способность к суще-ствованию и размножению в составе биопленок [1]. На существование биопленочных популяций в природе влияет множество факторов, основным из которых является температура [3].…”