Mechanisms of action of Sri Lankan herbal medicines used in the treatment of diabetes: A review

Samarakoon, Nirmani A. W.; Uluwaduge, Deepthi Inoka; Siriwardhene, Malitha Aravinda

doi:10.1016/j.joim.2019.11.003

Cited by 13 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…An impressive number of reports showed that natural compounds have strong inhibition activity on these enzymes. Different flavonoids, tannins, catechins and polyphenol carboxylic acids can actively inhibit α-amylase and α-glucosidase [ 74 , 75 , 76 ]. Interestingly, the gastrointestinal side effects of herbal extracts used as enzyme inhibitors are less frequent, and we speculate that the existing compounds in the total extract can suppress the occurrence of these side effects.…”

Section: Pharmacological Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

An Updated Systematic Review of Vaccinium myrtillus Leaves: Phytochemistry and Pharmacology

et al. 2022

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Bilberry leaves are used in many countries in traditional medicine for treating a wide variety of diseases. Due to the high therapeutic potential of Vaccinium myrtillus (VM) leaves, this review aims to present the latest knowledge on the phytochemical profile, as well as the therapeutic effects of this herbal drug. The review was conducted according to the Prisma guidelines, and the scientific databases were searched using combinations of the following keywords: “Vaccinium myrtillus”, “leaves”, “bilberry”. Recent research was focused on the influence of abiotic factors on the phytochemical composition, and it seems that there are significant differences between the herbal drugs collected from different countries. The phytochemical composition is correlated with the broad spectrum of pharmacological effects. The paper outlines the potent antimicrobial activity of VM extracts against multidrug-resistant bacterial strains, and also the pathways that are modulated by the unique “cocktail” of phytoconstituents in different metabolic alterations. Reviewing the research articles published in the last 10 years, it seems that bilberry leaves have been slightly forgotten, although their phytochemical and pharmacological characteristics are unique.

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Section: Pharmacological Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

An Updated Systematic Review of Vaccinium myrtillus Leaves: Phytochemistry and Pharmacology

et al. 2022

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“…2,3 Globally, the number of people having diabetes mellitus is rising. 4,5 In 2017, 6.28% of the world's population had T2DM, which is equivalent to approximately 462 million individuals. Furthermore, these estimates are expected to rise to 7,079 individuals per 100,000 by the year 2030.…”

Section: Description Of the Conditionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…4 Individuals with diabetes are vulnerable to many health-related complications such as cardiovascular diseases, kidney failure, delayed wound healing (leading to diabetic foot and ultimately to leg amputation if not treated), vision loss, nerve damage 3,6 and microvascular damage. 5,7 It is also known to reduce life expectancy. 3 Diabetes and its complications bring about significant financial loss to individuals with diabetes and their families through direct medical cost and loss of work and wages, and in some cases catastrophic health spending.…”

Section: Description Of the Conditionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Complementary and alternative system of medicine for type 2 diabetes mellitus and its complications: A scoping review

et al. 2022

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Background: This review aims to map the evidence on the effectiveness of Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) and its associated complications and identify research gaps in key outcomes and CAMs. Methods: We followed the Johanna Briggs Institute guidelines to undertake this scoping review. We carried out a comprehensive search from inception to March 2020 in electronic databases and registers. Forward and backward citations of included studies were also searched. The randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and non-randomized studies with intervention and control arm were mapped based on the effectiveness of various CAM (Yoga, Ayurveda, Homeopathy, Siddha, Naturopathy, Unani, and Sowa-rigpa) on outcomes among individuals with prediabetes or metabolic syndrome, T2DM with and without any comorbidities. Results: A total of 249 studies were included after screening 3798 citations. Most of the included studies were conducted in India and Iran. Most frequently studied CAM interventions include Yoga, Ayurveda, and herbal products as compared to other CAM therapies. Conclusion: Although we identified a lot of literature on the effectiveness of CAMs for T2DM, there is a lack of standardization of preparation of these medicines and the interventional modalities. To validate the potential benefits of CAM, robust research with high-quality RCTs and systematic reviews are needed to bridge the gap of evidence in CAM therapies. Future investments for research in CAM may focus on assessing the quality of existing trials and finding out an optimal dose, frequency, and duration of CAM, both as an alternative and complementary approach.

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“…According to World Health Organization (2020, https://www.who.int/ health-topics/diabetes#tab=tab_1) reports, approximately 422 million people suffer from DM worldwide and 1.6 million deaths are directly attributed to DM annually. Numerous therapeutic drugs (such as insulin, sulfonylureas, metformin and acarbose) are available for DM with different mechanisms of action, including regulation of insulin secretion, glucose absorption, carbohydrate metabolism and antioxidant activity (Samarakoon et al, 2020). Antidiabetic medications have various side effects, such as liver problems, lactic acidosis, diarrhoea and high rates of secondary failures (Inzucchi, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Major triterpenes, cycloeucalenone and 31‐norcyclolaudenone as inhibitors against both α‐glucosidase and α‐amylase in banana peel

Shang

Koyama

2021

Int J of Food Sci Tech

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The inhibitory activities of banana peel extract against carbohydrate digestive enzymes were investigated. Cycloeucalenone and 31-norcyclolaudenone were obtained by bioassay-guided fractionation as effective inhibitors of α-glucosidase and α-amylase. The structure-activity relationships of four triterpenes isolated from banana peel, cycloeucalenone, 31-norcyclolaudenone and cycloeucalenol and its isomer were investigated. The IC 50 values of cycloeucalenone and 31-norcyclolaudenone against α-glucosidase were 31.83 AE 2.46 μM and 38.85 AE 1.54 μM, respectively, and their IC 50 values against α-amylase were 20.33 AE 0.59 μM and 27.63 AE 0.83 μM, respectively. In contrast, cycloeucalenol and its isomer had insufficient inhibitory activity against either enzyme. The primary active sites of cycloeucalenone and 31-norcyclolaudenone are the carbonyl group at C-3 and the double bond in the side chain. Cycloeucalenone induced a parabolic mixed-type inhibition with a K i value of 73.86 μM in the α-glucosidase inhibitory assay. This study provides new evidence for the potential use of banana peel triterpenes as antidiabetic agents.

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Mechanisms of action of Sri Lankan herbal medicines used in the treatment of diabetes: A review

Cited by 13 publications

References 39 publications

An Updated Systematic Review of Vaccinium myrtillus Leaves: Phytochemistry and Pharmacology

An Updated Systematic Review of Vaccinium myrtillus Leaves: Phytochemistry and Pharmacology

Complementary and alternative system of medicine for type 2 diabetes mellitus and its complications: A scoping review

Major triterpenes, cycloeucalenone and 31‐norcyclolaudenone as inhibitors against both α‐glucosidase and α‐amylase in banana peel

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