Mechanisms of Action of Some Immunomodulators Used in Veterinary Medicine

Quinn, Patrick

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-039235-3.50009-5

Cited by 29 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 96 publications

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“…Alternatively, a large genetic variation in the response to external stimuli, such as infections or stress, could cause the high heritability estimate obtained for the number of PMNL. In the latter case, 'stress-hormones' such as glucocorticosteroids are known to rapidly influence the number of PMNL circulating in the blood (for review see Quinn, 1990 ). IfPMNL are to be used as a marker, further studies are therefore needed to elucidate the regulatory mechanism(s) behind their maturation and distribution.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic variation in parameters reflecting immune competence of swine

Edfors-Lilja

Wattrang

Magnusson

et al. 1994

Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology

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Genetic variation in total and differential white blood cell (WBC) counts, phagocytic capacity of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNL), virus induced interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) production, mitogen induced proliferation and interleukin 2 (IL-2) production of mononuclear cells (MNC) in vitro was studied in blood collected from 124 Yorkshire piglets, aged 8 weeks. The piglets were the offspring from 12 sires and 31 dams. Data from an earlier experiment, including 96 piglets of seven sires and 24 dams, were added when estimating heritabilities for Con A induced proliferation and IL-2 production. The highest heritability (h2 = 0.87 +/- 0.41) was estimated for the total number of PMNL. Medium high heritabilities (h2 = 0.3-0.4) were estimated for the phagocytic capacity of PMNL, Con A induced proliferation and IL-2 production and the total number of WBC, while the heritability estimates were lower (h2 = 0.00-0.08 +/- 0.12) for the total number of lymphocytes, serum concentrations of Ig and IFN-alpha production. Pronounced differences between litters from various dams were found for total number of lymphocytes, IFN-alpha production, Con A induced proliferation and IL-2 production. The Con A induced proliferation was positively correlated (r = 0.48, P < 0.001) with the IL-2 production and both these parameters were correlated (r = 0.44 and 0.37, respectively, P < 0.001) to the virus induced IFN-alpha production. Despite these positive correlations, no parental offspring group was uniformly superior across all traits measured. However, the heritabilities estimated for the immune parameters are sufficiently high to be used as genetic markers in selection for general immune competence of swine.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic variation in parameters reflecting immune competence of swine

Edfors-Lilja

Wattrang

Magnusson

et al. 1994

Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology

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“…In this regard, macrophages [18,31,32], considered to be the basic effector cells in host defense against bacteria, viruses, parasites and tumor cells, play the most important role.…”

Section: Mechanisms Of Actionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glucans as Biological Response Modifiers

Novák¹,

Větvička²

2009

EMIDDT

141

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Beta-D-glucans belong to a group of natural, physiologically active compounds, generally called biological response modifiers. Glucans represent highly conserved structural components of cell walls in yeast, fungi, or seaweed. Despite long history of research, the exact mechanisms of glucan action remain unsolved. The present review starts with the history of glucans. Next, the detailed information about the possible glucan sources is followed by a description of the mechanisms of action. Physiological functions of glucan suggest the possible use of glucans not only as non-specific immunomodulator, but also as its possible future use as a drug.

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“…In this regard, macrophages (Chihara et al, 1982;Quinn, 1990;Vetvicka et al, 1996), considered the basic effector cells in host defense against bacteria, viruses, multicellular parasites, tumor cells. and erroneous clones of own somatic cells, play the most important role.…”

Section: Mechanisms Of Actionmentioning

confidence: 99%

β-Glucans, History, and the Present: Immunomodulatory Aspects and Mechanisms of Action

Novák

Větvička²

2008

Journal of Immunotoxicology

290

219

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The present paper represents a comprehensive up-to-date review of β-glucans, their chemical and biological properties, and their role in immunological reactions. β-D-Glucans belong to a group of physiologically active compounds called biological response modifiers and represent highly conserved structural components of cell walls in yeast, fungi, or seaweed. Despite almost 150 years of research, the exact mechanisms of their action remain unclear. The present review starts with the history of glucans. Next, attention is focused on sources and structure, comparing the effects of physicochemical properties, and sources on biological effects. As glucans belong to natural products useful in preventing various diseases, they have been highly sought after throughout human history. Based on extensive recent research, this paper explains the various mechanisms of effects and the ways glucans mediate their effects on defense reactions against infections. Despite the fact that predominately pharmacological effects of glucans are positive, their unfavorable and potentially toxic side effects were not overlooked. In addition, attention was focused on the future research, possible alternatives such as synthetic oligosaccharides, and on clinical applications.

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Mechanisms of Action of Some Immunomodulators Used in Veterinary Medicine

Cited by 29 publications

References 96 publications

Genetic variation in parameters reflecting immune competence of swine

Genetic variation in parameters reflecting immune competence of swine

Glucans as Biological Response Modifiers

β-Glucans, History, and the Present: Immunomodulatory Aspects and Mechanisms of Action

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