Mechanisms of action of agrochemicals acting as endocrine disrupting chemicals

Warner, Genoa R.; Mourikes, Vasiliki E.; Neff, Alison M.; Brehm, Emily; Flaws, Jodi A.

doi:10.1016/j.mce.2019.110680

Cited by 39 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 167 publications

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“…Besides oxidative stress, pesticide exposure may lead to NAFLD through their impact on lipid metabolism by (i) modifying fatty acid uptake and efflux [ 171 ] and modulating FFA transport as described for insecticides and herbicides, (ii) increasing lipogenesis ([ 173 , 406 ] ( Table 1 ), (iii) altering oxidation pathways [ 175 ]; insecticides, herbicides, and fungicides affect both β-oxidation and lipogenesis ( Table 1 and Table 2 ), (iv) interacting with nuclear receptors [ 416 , 417 , 418 , 419 , 420 , 421 ] involved in the control of metabolism as demonstrated for pyrethroid and neonicotinoid insecticides [ 176 , 177 , 178 ], and imidazole or triazole fungicides [ 158 , 382 ] or a pesticide mixture [ 193 ], but implication in NAFLD is not proven.…”

Section: Oxidative Stress In Nafld: Role Of Pesticidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxidative Stress in NAFLD: Role of Nutrients and Food Contaminants

et al. 2020

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Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is often the hepatic expression of metabolic syndrome and its comorbidities that comprise, among others, obesity and insulin-resistance. NAFLD involves a large spectrum of clinical conditions. These range from steatosis, a benign liver disorder characterized by the accumulation of fat in hepatocytes, to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), which is characterized by inflammation, hepatocyte damage, and liver fibrosis. NASH can further progress to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The etiology of NAFLD involves both genetic and environmental factors, including an unhealthy lifestyle. Of note, unhealthy eating is clearly associated with NAFLD development and progression to NASH. Both macronutrients (sugars, lipids, proteins) and micronutrients (vitamins, phytoingredients, antioxidants) affect NAFLD pathogenesis. Furthermore, some evidence indicates disruption of metabolic homeostasis by food contaminants, some of which are risk factor candidates in NAFLD. At the molecular level, several models have been proposed for the pathogenesis of NAFLD. Most importantly, oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage have been reported to be causative in NAFLD initiation and progression. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the contribution of nutrients and food contaminants, especially pesticides, to oxidative stress and how they may influence NAFLD pathogenesis.

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Section: Oxidative Stress In Nafld: Role Of Pesticidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxidative Stress in NAFLD: Role of Nutrients and Food Contaminants

et al. 2020

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“…One of the toxicological effects associated with chemical pollution of water is endocrine disruption (ED) where some compounds may interfere with the endocrine system. Compounds that include agrochemicals that cause ED effects are collectively known as endocrine disruptive compounds or chemicals (EDCs) ( Mnif et al , 2011 ; Combarnous, 2017 ; Warner et al , 2020 ). The American Endocrine Society defines EDCs as environmental contaminants that can disturb or disrupt the normal functioning of the hormone system ( Gore et al , 2015 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Agrochemicals in freshwater systems and their potential as endocrine disrupting chemicals: A South African context

Horak

Horn

Pieters

2021

Environmental Pollution

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South Africa is the largest agrochemical user in sub-Saharan Africa, with over 3 000 registered pesticide products. Although they reduce crop losses, these chemicals reach non-target aquatic environments via leaching, spray drift or run-off. In this review, attention is paid to legacy and current-use pesticides reported in literature for the freshwater environment of South Africa and to the extent these are linked to endocrine disruption. Although banned, residues of many legacy organochlorine pesticides (endosulfan and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT)) are still detected in South African watercourses and wildlife. Several current-use pesticides (triazine herbicides, glyphosate-based herbicides, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and chlorpyrifos) have also been reported. Agrochemicals can interfere with normal hormone function of non-target organism leading to various endocrine disrupting (ED) effects: intersex, reduced spermatogenesis, asymmetric urogenital papillae, testicular lesions and infertile eggs. Although studies investigating the occurrence of agrochemicals and/or ED effects in freshwater aquatic environments in South Africa have increased, few studies determined both the levels of agricultural pesticides present and associated ED effects. The majority of studies conducted are either laboratory-based employing in vitro or in vivo bioassays to determine ED effects of agrochemicals or studies that investigate environmental concentrations of pesticides. However, a combined approach of bioassays and chemical screening will provide a more comprehensive overview of agrochemical pollution of water systems in South Africa and the risks associated with long-term chronic exposure.

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“…single nucleotide polymorphisms) and environmental factors (8)(9)(10). In this sense, several studies indicate that pesticides can exert toxicity through epigenetic changes [reviewed in (11)]. Among environmental chemicals, glyphosate-based herbicides (GBHs) have been one of the most intensively used pollutants over the last two decades.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epigenetic Changes Associated With Exposure to Glyphosate-Based Herbicides in Mammals

et al. 2021

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Glyphosate is a phosphonomethyl amino acid derivative present in a number of non-selective and systemic herbicides. During the last years the use of glyphosate-based herbicide (GBH) has been increasing exponentially around the world, including Argentina. This fact added to the detection of glyphosate, and its main metabolite, amino methylphosphonic acid (AMPA), in environmental matrices such as soil, sediments, and food, has generated great concern about its risks for humans, animals, and environment. During the last years, there were controversy and intense debate regarding the toxicological effects of these compounds associated with the endocrine system, cancer, reproduction, and development. The mechanisms of action of GBH and their metabolites are still under investigation, although recent findings have shown that they could comprise epigenetic modifications. These are reversible mechanisms linked to tissue-specific silencing of gene expression, genomic imprinting, and tumor growth. Particularly, glyphosate, GBH, and AMPA have been reported to produce changes in global DNA methylation, methylation of specific genes, histone modification, and differential expression of non-coding RNAs in human cells and rodents. Importantly, the epigenome could be heritable and could lead to disease long after the exposure has ended. This mini-review summarizes the epigenetic changes produced by glyphosate, GBHs, and AMPA in humans and rodents and proposes it as a potential mechanism of action through which these chemical compounds could alter body functions.

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Mechanisms of action of agrochemicals acting as endocrine disrupting chemicals

Cited by 39 publications

References 167 publications

Oxidative Stress in NAFLD: Role of Nutrients and Food Contaminants

Oxidative Stress in NAFLD: Role of Nutrients and Food Contaminants

Agrochemicals in freshwater systems and their potential as endocrine disrupting chemicals: A South African context

Epigenetic Changes Associated With Exposure to Glyphosate-Based Herbicides in Mammals

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