Mechanisms Mediating Nuclear Trafficking Involved in Viral Propagation by DNA Viruses

Li, Guohui; Qi, Xinyu; Hu, Zhaoyang; Tang, Qi

doi:10.3390/v11111035

Cited by 9 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 104 publications

(124 reference statements)

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“…). The study of NLS can help reveal the nuclear transport mechanism of human and viral proteins [ 90 ]. Also, it can help us discover novel functions of known proteins.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In particular, many types of fluorescent proteins (FP) tagged with a NLS (FP-NLS) have been engineered as nuclear markers, as well as FP fusions with functional nuclear proteins (histone H2B, importin β et al). The study of NLS can help reveal the nuclear transport mechanism of human and viral proteins [90]. Also, it can help us discover novel functions of known proteins.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Types of nuclear localization signals and mechanisms of protein import into the nucleus

et al. 2021

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Nuclear localization signals (NLS) are generally short peptides that act as a signal fragment that mediates the transport of proteins from the cytoplasm into the nucleus. This NLS-dependent protein recognition, a process necessary for cargo proteins to pass the nuclear envelope through the nuclear pore complex, is facilitated by members of the importin superfamily. Here, we summarized the types of NLS, focused on the recently reported related proteins containing nuclear localization signals, and briefly summarized some mechanisms that do not depend on nuclear localization signals into the nucleus.

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“…). The study of NLS can help reveal the nuclear transport mechanism of human and viral proteins [ 90 ]. Also, it can help us discover novel functions of known proteins.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Types of nuclear localization signals and mechanisms of protein import into the nucleus

et al. 2021

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“…Host microbiome can increase virion stability, provide DNA replication machinery, stimulate the lytic phase of virus and counteract host immune responses. Further, microbiota can even enhance viral genetic recombination through adhering host cells and facilitating thereby infection of two or more viruses in a single cell ( 65 ). In contrast, probiotic bacteria, such as Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus , increased cellular biosynthesis of cytokines and interleukins upon viral infection ( 66 , 67 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

ROS/RNS Balancing, Aerobic Fermentation Regulation and Cell Cycle Control – a Complex Early Trait (‘CoV-MAC-TED’) for Combating SARS-CoV-2-Induced Cell Reprogramming

et al. 2021

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In a perspective entitled ‘From plant survival under severe stress to anti-viral human defense’ we raised and justified the hypothesis that transcript level profiles of justified target genes established from in vitro somatic embryogenesis (SE) induction in plants as a reference compared to virus-induced profiles can identify differential virus signatures that link to harmful reprogramming. A standard profile of selected genes named ‘ReprogVirus’ was proposed for in vitro-scanning of early virus-induced reprogramming in critical primary infected cells/tissues as target trait. For data collection, the ‘ReprogVirus platform’ was initiated. This initiative aims to identify in a common effort across scientific boundaries critical virus footprints from diverse virus origins and variants as a basis for anti-viral strategy design. This approach is open for validation and extension. In the present study, we initiated validation by experimental transcriptome data available in public domain combined with advancing plant wet lab research. We compared plant-adapted transcriptomes according to ‘RegroVirus’ complemented by alternative oxidase (AOX) genes during de novo programming under SE-inducing conditions with in vitro corona virus-induced transcriptome profiles. This approach enabled identifying a major complex trait for early de novo programming during SARS-CoV-2 infection, called ‘CoV-MAC-TED’. It consists of unbalanced ROS/RNS levels, which are connected to increased aerobic fermentation that links to alpha-tubulin-based cell restructuration and progression of cell cycle. We conclude that anti-viral/anti-SARS-CoV-2 strategies need to rigorously target ‘CoV-MAC-TED’ in primary infected nose and mouth cells through prophylactic and very early therapeutic strategies. We also discuss potential strategies in the view of the beneficial role of AOX for resilient behavior in plants. Furthermore, following the general observation that ROS/RNS equilibration/redox homeostasis is of utmost importance at the very beginning of viral infection, we highlight that ‘de-stressing’ disease and social handling should be seen as essential part of anti-viral/anti-SARS-CoV-2 strategies.

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“…Another approach to protect and deliver nucleic acid cargos is via encapsulation using metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) (Liang et al, 2015;Li Y. et al, 2019;Poddar et al, 2019;Tolentino et al, 2020). These are porous structures built from metal ions or metal clusters linked by organic ligands (Li G. et al, 2019). The nucleic acid can be accommodated in the MOF structure through electrostatic and coordination interactions.…”

Section: Utility Of Inorganic Nanoparticlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the other hand, nonclassical NLS are the viral peptides that bind specifically and exclusively to the minor groove of the karyopherin α ( Xu et al, 2005 ). An example is the NLS obtained from influenza A virus Li G. et al (2019) . The trimeric karyopherin-NLS complex docks at the nuclear pore complex and is passaged across the nuclear envelope and released into the interior.…”

Section: Nuclear Deliverymentioning

confidence: 99%

Viral Mimicry as a Design Template for Nucleic Acid Nanocarriers

et al. 2021

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Therapeutic nucleic acids hold immense potential in combating undruggable, gene-based diseases owing to their high programmability and relative ease of synthesis. While the delivery of this class of therapeutics has successfully entered the clinical setting, extrahepatic targeting, endosomal escape efficiency, and subcellular localization. On the other hand, viruses serve as natural carriers of nucleic acids and have acquired a plethora of structures and mechanisms that confer remarkable transfection efficiency. Thus, understanding the structure and mechanism of viruses can guide the design of synthetic nucleic acid vectors. This review revisits relevant structural and mechanistic features of viruses as design considerations for efficient nucleic acid delivery systems. This article explores how viral ligand display and a metastable structure are central to the molecular mechanisms of attachment, entry, and viral genome release. For comparison, accounted for are details on the design and intracellular fate of existing nucleic acid carriers and nanostructures that share similar and essential features to viruses. The review, thus, highlights unifying themes of viruses and nucleic acid delivery systems such as genome protection, target specificity, and controlled release. Sophisticated viral mechanisms that are yet to be exploited in oligonucleotide delivery are also identified as they could further the development of next-generation nonviral nucleic acid vectors.

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Mechanisms Mediating Nuclear Trafficking Involved in Viral Propagation by DNA Viruses

Cited by 9 publications

References 104 publications

Types of nuclear localization signals and mechanisms of protein import into the nucleus

Types of nuclear localization signals and mechanisms of protein import into the nucleus

ROS/RNS Balancing, Aerobic Fermentation Regulation and Cell Cycle Control – a Complex Early Trait (‘CoV-MAC-TED’) for Combating SARS-CoV-2-Induced Cell Reprogramming

Viral Mimicry as a Design Template for Nucleic Acid Nanocarriers

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