Mechanisms linking obesity to insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes

Kahn, Steven E.; Hull, Rebecca L.

doi:10.1038/nature05482

Cited by 4,171 publications

(3,196 citation statements)

References 73 publications

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“…Overall, it is generally agreed that the harmful effects of hypertension occur gradually over time. Similar lines of evidence suggest that pathologies from high blood glucose and obesity occur gradually as well (Kahn et al ., 2006). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predicting all‐cause mortality from basic physiology in the Framingham Heart Study

Zhang

Pincus

2015

Aging Cell

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SummaryUsing longitudinal data from a cohort of 1349 participants in the Framingham Heart Study, we show that as early as 28–38 years of age, almost 10% of variation in future lifespan can be predicted from simple clinical parameters. Specifically, we found diastolic and systolic blood pressure, blood glucose, weight, and body mass index (BMI) to be relevant to lifespan. These and similar parameters have been well‐characterized as risk factors in the relatively narrow context of cardiovascular disease and mortality in middle to old age. In contrast, we demonstrate here that such measures can be used to predict all‐cause mortality from mid‐adulthood onward. Further, we find that different clinical measurements are predictive of lifespan in different age regimes. Specifically, blood pressure and BMI are predictive of all‐cause mortality from ages 35 to 60, while blood glucose is predictive from ages 57 to 73. Moreover, we find that several of these parameters are best considered as measures of a rate of ‘damage accrual’, such that total historical exposure, rather than current measurement values, is the most relevant risk factor (as with pack‐years of cigarette smoking). In short, we show that simple physiological measurements have broader lifespan‐predictive value than indicated by previous work and that incorporating information from multiple time points can significantly increase that predictive capacity. In general, our results apply equally to both men and women, although some differences exist.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predicting all‐cause mortality from basic physiology in the Framingham Heart Study

Zhang

Pincus

2015

Aging Cell

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“…Data from the 2002 China National Nutrition and Health Survey showed that 14?7 % of Chinese were overweight and another 2?6 % were obese, which translates into 184 million overweight and 31 million obese people in China (2) . The epidemic of obesity and overweight has become a public health issue and is an important health risk for diseases like diabetes, high blood pressure, atherosclerosis and others (3) .…”

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confidence: 99%

Dietary patterns are associated with weight gain in newlyweds: findings from a cross-sectional study in Shanghai, China

Zhang

Tan

Xuan

et al. 2011

Public Health Nutr.

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Objective: The present study aimed to characterize the dietary patterns of newlyweds married within one year and to examine the factors associated with weight changes. Design: A cross-sectional study was carried out in 2009. Setting: Baoshan District, Shanghai, China. Subjects: A total of 342 pairs of newlyweds were recruited at their first visit. Weight and height were measured and food intake was measured based on an FFQ with forty-nine items. Dietary patterns were identified through factor analysis, and the factors associated with weight changes were determined by multiple regression models. Results: Average weight gain of the participants during marital transition was 1?9 kg (2?2 kg for men and 1?6 kg for women). Four major dietary patterns were identified: vegetable pattern, sweets and fats pattern, legume pattern and poultry, beef and mutton pattern. In multivariate analyses, the highest quintile of factor 2 (sweets and fats pattern) was significantly associated with weight gain after marriage in a comparison with the lowest quintile (b 5 2?94; 95 % CI 0?75, 5?15; P 5 0?01) in men. The highest quintile of factor 4 (poultry, beef and mutton pattern) was inversely associated with weight gain after marriage in a comparison with the lowest quintile (b 5 21?21; 95 % CI 22?32, 20?11; P 5 0?03). Conclusions: Our results suggest that a pattern rich in sugar, oil and condiments may lead to greater marital weight gain in men; another pattern rich in poultry, beef and mutton may lead to less marital weight gain in both men and women.

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“…Intentional weight loss is associated with reduced insulin resistance and a subsequent reduction in glucolipotoxicity, improving overall glucose homeostasis 4,13 . In both the Finnish and US Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP), weight loss gradually reduces the risk of diabetes, and even modest weight loss can significantly reduce the incidence of T2DM, an effect persisting in the long-term 14,15 .…”

Section: Impact Of Weight Changes On T2dmmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Especially abdominal adiposity is associated with markedly increasing risk for T2DM, and overall 80% of people with T2DM are overweight or obese. Striking parallel increases in the prevalence of obesity and T2DM reflect the importance of body fatness as a contributing factor to diabetes incidence and complications 4 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combating the dual burden: therapeutic targeting of common pathways in obesity and type 2 diabetes

Scheen

Gaal

2014

The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology

162

127

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New glucose-lowering therapies, especially glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and sodium glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors, offer advantages over traditional antidiabetic agents by promoting weight loss while improving glucose control. . The present review will explore the overlapping pathophysiology and also how the various therapies can, alone or in combination, combat the 'dual burden' of obesity and T2DM. Word count: 249

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Mechanisms linking obesity to insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes

Cited by 4,171 publications

References 73 publications

Predicting all‐cause mortality from basic physiology in the Framingham Heart Study

Predicting all‐cause mortality from basic physiology in the Framingham Heart Study

Dietary patterns are associated with weight gain in newlyweds: findings from a cross-sectional study in Shanghai, China

Combating the dual burden: therapeutic targeting of common pathways in obesity and type 2 diabetes

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