Mechanisms Involved in the Relationship between Vitamin D and Insulin Resistance: Impact on Clinical Practice

Contreras-Bolívar, Victoria; García-Fontana, Beatriz; García-Fontana, Cristina; Muñóz-Torres, Manuel

doi:10.3390/nu13103491

Cited by 77 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 191 publications

(236 reference statements)

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“…The results suggest that VD supplementation may help increase insulin sensitivity and glycemic control in T2DM patients participating in a training intervention ( 28 ). It has been demonstrated in in vivo and in vitro studies that VD plays an important role in maintaining pancreatic ß-cell function, among others, by regulating calcium flux ( 39 ). Experimental studies have also shown that VD may help reduce the accumulation of advanced glycation end-products which have been linked to insulin resistance ( 39 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been demonstrated in in vivo and in vitro studies that VD plays an important role in maintaining pancreatic ß-cell function, among others, by regulating calcium flux ( 39 ). Experimental studies have also shown that VD may help reduce the accumulation of advanced glycation end-products which have been linked to insulin resistance ( 39 ). Therefore, VD intake may have additional beneficial effects on insulin secretion and skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity, particularly in VD-deficient patients, compared with training only.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Exercise Interventions Combined With Dietary Supplements in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients—A Systematic Review of Relevant Health Outcomes

et al. 2022

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IntroductionPhysical training can improve several health variables in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). A growing body of studies also finds a positive influence of dietary supplement (DS) intake. The aim of this review is to shed light on the possible effects of training interventions combined with DS intake in T2DM patients.MethodsA systematic search was performed following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines in the PubMed and BISp Surf databases. Inclusion criteria were defined using the Patient-Intervention-Comparison-Outcome (PICO) scheme. The Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale was used for quality assessment and risk of bias analysis.ResultsTen controlled interventional studies with a total number of 643 subjects met the inclusion criteria. These studies investigated the effects of (a) vitamin D (VD), (b) VD + whey protein, (c) polyphenol containing antioxidant capsules, (d) creatine, (e) L-arginine, (f) leucine-rich amino acids, and (g) broccoli sprouts powder. Eight studies investigated effects on one or more of the following health outcomes: body mass index, fat mass, insulin resistance, glycemic control, lipid profile, oxidative stress/antioxidative capacity and/or inflammatory markers/molecules. Five of the studies show clear superior effects of physical training combined with DS intake (supplements a, b, c, e) on some of these variables compared with training only. However, one study indicates that VD intake might attenuate the training effects on triglyceride levels. Another study found that training + VD + whey protein intake increased tumor necrosis factor-α levels in T2DM patients. The effects of training combined with DS intake on renal function (supplement d) or incretin metabolism (supplement a) were investigated in two further studies. These studies do not show any additional effects of DS intake. The quality of the majority of the studies was high.ConclusionDS intake can potentially increase the benefits of physical training for specific health outcomes in T2DM patients. However, negative effects can also be observed. Possible cellular and molecular mechanisms behind potential synergistic or divergent effects of exercise training and DS use in T2DM should be explored in detail in future studies for the development of safe recommendations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exercise Interventions Combined With Dietary Supplements in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients—A Systematic Review of Relevant Health Outcomes

et al. 2022

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“…Loss of muscle mass in older people is also related to low serum levels of vitamin D [ 15 , 16 ]. Notably, in obesity, low vitamin D is consistently found across age, ethnicity, and geography [ 17 ], and vitamin D has been thoroughly investigated in relation to insulin resistance [ 18 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasma Myostatin Increases with Age in Male Youth and Negatively Correlates with Vitamin D in Severe Pediatric Obesity

et al. 2022

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Obesity already causes non-communicable diseases during childhood, but the mechanisms of disease development are insufficiently understood. Myokines such as myostatin and irisin are muscle-derived factors possibly involved in obesity-associated diseases. This explorative study aims to investigate whether myostatin and irisin are associated with metabolic parameters, including the vitamin D status in pediatric patients with severe obesity. Clinical, anthropometric and laboratory data from 108 patients with severe obesity (>97th percentile) aged between 9 and 19 years were assessed. Myostatin, its antagonist follistatin, and irisin, were measured from plasma by ELISA. Myostatin concentrations, particularly in males, positively correlated with age and pubertal stage, as well as metabolic parameters such as insulin resistance. Irisin concentrations correlated positively with HDL and negatively with LDL cholesterol values. For follistatin, the associations with age and pubertal stage were inverse. Strikingly, a negative correlation of myostatin with serum vitamin D levels was observed that remained significant after adjusting for age and pubertal stage. In conclusion, there is an independent association of low vitamin D and elevated myostatin levels. Further research may focus on investigating means to prevent increased myostatin levels in interventional studies, which might open several venues to putative options to treat and prevent obesity-associated diseases.

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“…Vit D is activated in the body to acquire the biological activity of a hormone, with 1, 25-bishydroxyvitamin D3 acting as its main active form. According to related studies, Vit D level may be a protective factor against the development of IR ( 12 – 15 ). However, this conclusion is considered controversial at present.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary Magnesium Intake Level Modifies the Association Between Vitamin D and Insulin Resistance: A Large Cross-Sectional Analysis of American Adults

Liu

Gong²,

Ma³

et al. 2022

Front. Nutr.

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BackgroundPrevious clinical studies and randomized controlled trials have revealed that low serum vitamin D levels are associated with the risk of developing insulin resistance. Magnesium has been reported to be a protective factor for insulin resistance, and magnesium has been considered an important co-factor for vitamin D activation. However, the effect of dietary magnesium intake on the relationship between vitamin D and the risk of developing insulin resistance has not been comprehensively investigated. Therefore, we designed this cross-sectional analysis to assess whether dietary magnesium intake modifies the association of vitamin D and insulin resistance.MethodsA total of 4,878 participants (male: 48.2%) from 4 consecutive cycles of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2007–2014) were included in this study after a rigorous screening process. Participants were stratified by their dietary magnesium intake into low-intake (<267 mg/day) and high-intake (≥267 mg/day) groups. We assessed differences between serum vitamin D levels and the risk of developing insulin resistance (interaction test), using a weighted multivariate logistic regression to analyze differences between participants with low and high magnesium intake levels.ResultsThere was a negative association between vitamin D and insulin resistance in the US adult population [OR: 0.93 (0.88–0.98)], P < 0.001. Dietary magnesium intake strengthened the association (P for interaction < 0.001). In the low dietary magnesium intake group, vitamin D was negatively associated with the insulin resistance [OR: 0.94 (0.90–0.98)]; in the high dietary magnesium intake group, vitamin D was negatively associated with insulin resistance [OR: 0.92 (0.88–0.96)].ConclusionAmong adults in the United States, we found an independent association between vitamin D level and insulin resistance, and this association was modified according to different levels of magnesium intake.

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Mechanisms Involved in the Relationship between Vitamin D and Insulin Resistance: Impact on Clinical Practice

Cited by 77 publications

References 191 publications

Exercise Interventions Combined With Dietary Supplements in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients—A Systematic Review of Relevant Health Outcomes

Exercise Interventions Combined With Dietary Supplements in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients—A Systematic Review of Relevant Health Outcomes

Plasma Myostatin Increases with Age in Male Youth and Negatively Correlates with Vitamin D in Severe Pediatric Obesity

Dietary Magnesium Intake Level Modifies the Association Between Vitamin D and Insulin Resistance: A Large Cross-Sectional Analysis of American Adults

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