Mechanisms involved in controlling RNA virus-induced intestinal inflammation

Zhang, Evan; Fang, Mingli; Jones, Colette; Minze, Laurie J.; Xing, Junji; Zhang, Zhiqiang

doi:10.1007/s00018-022-04332-z

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 115 publications

(150 reference statements)

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“…The strategy of many viruses is to target and interfere with mitochondrial homeostasis through molecules involved in innate immunity, such as NLRX1, TRAF6, NLRP3, and IRGM mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein (MAVS). This is an efficient strategy because it not only targets the mitochondria, but also cellular defense mechanisms [ 34 , 35 , 36 ]. This is necessary, as the detection of viral infection in cells triggers metabolic changes from mitochondrial OXPHOS to glycolysis to fight the pathogen [ 37 ].…”

Section: Importance and Functions Of The Mitochondriamentioning

confidence: 99%

Viroporins Manipulate Cellular Powerhouses and Modulate Innate Immunity

Cedillo-Barrón,

García-Cordero,

Visoso-Carvajal

et al. 2024

Viruses

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Viruses have a wide repertoire of molecular strategies that focus on their replication or the facilitation of different stages of the viral cycle. One of these strategies is mediated by the activity of viroporins, which are multifunctional viral proteins that, upon oligomerization, exhibit ion channel properties with mild ion selectivity. Viroporins facilitate multiple processes, such as the regulation of immune response and inflammasome activation through the induction of pore formation in various cell organelle membranes to facilitate the escape of ions and the alteration of intracellular homeostasis. Viroporins target diverse membranes (such as the cellular membrane), endoplasmic reticulum, and mitochondria. Cumulative data regarding the importance of mitochondria function in multiple processes, such as cellular metabolism, energy production, calcium homeostasis, apoptosis, and mitophagy, have been reported. The direct or indirect interaction of viroporins with mitochondria and how this interaction affects the functioning of mitochondrial cells in the innate immunity of host cells against viruses remains unclear. A better understanding of the viroporin–mitochondria interactions will provide insights into their role in affecting host immune signaling through the mitochondria. Thus, in this review, we mainly focus on descriptions of viroporins and studies that have provided insights into the role of viroporins in hijacked mitochondria.

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Section: Importance and Functions Of The Mitochondriamentioning

confidence: 99%

Viroporins Manipulate Cellular Powerhouses and Modulate Innate Immunity

Cedillo-Barrón,

García-Cordero,

Visoso-Carvajal

et al. 2024

Viruses

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show abstract

“…This is achieved by the activation of regulatory T cells, which aid in suppressing overactive immune responses, and by the generation of antimicrobial peptides by the gut’s epithelial cells, which contribute to controlling viral replication. During viral dysbiosis, immune cells APCs such as DCs and macrophages as well as immune effectors such as T cell subsets and innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are involved in several essential functions [ 50 ]. Virus-specific antibody production by B cells in the GALT, including IgA, can neutralize viruses and prevent their attachment to intestinal epithelial cells [ 51 ].…”

Section: Role Of Intestinal Immune Cells During Viral Dysbiosismentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Gut Dysbiosis in the Loss of Intestinal Immune Cell Functions and Viral Pathogenesis

et al. 2023

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The gut microbiome plays a critical role in maintaining overall health and immune function. However, dysbiosis, an imbalance in microbiome composition, can have profound effects on various aspects of human health, including susceptibility to viral infections. Despite numerous studies investigating the influence of viral infections on gut microbiome, the impact of gut dysbiosis on viral infection and pathogenesis remains relatively understudied. The clinical variability observed in SARS-CoV-2 and seasonal influenza infections, and the presence of natural HIV suppressors, suggests that host-intrinsic factors, including the gut microbiome, may contribute to viral pathogenesis. The gut microbiome has been shown to influence the host immune system by regulating intestinal homeostasis through interactions with immune cells. This review aims to enhance our understanding of how viral infections perturb the gut microbiome and mucosal immune cells, affecting host susceptibility and response to viral infections. Specifically, we focus on exploring the interactions between gamma delta (γδ) T cells and gut microbes in the context of inflammatory viral pathogenesis and examine studies highlighting the role of the gut microbiome in viral disease outcomes. Furthermore, we discuss emerging evidence and potential future directions for microbiome modulation therapy in the context of viral pathogenesis.

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“…The nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3), apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a card (ASC) and pro-cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase-1 (pro-caspase-1) form an inflammasome complex to regulate IL-1β maturation and secretion with interleukin18 (IL-18) (Agostini et al, 2004;Allen et al, 2009). When RNA viruses including reovirus and rotavirus invade cells, their PAMPs dsRNA could be recognized by RNA helicases DHX33 or DHX15, which further activates to recruit downstream NLRs NLRP3 or NLRP6 to form NLRP3 or NLRP6 inflammasome complex with pro-caspase-1 and ASC, followed by activation of IL-1β and IL-18 for inducing the onset of inflammation (Mitoma et al, 2013;Shi et al, 2019;Xing et al, 2021;Zhang et al, 2022).…”

Section: Nlrs Pathway Against Virusesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crosstalk between mitophagy and innate immunity in viral infection

Chen

Liu

et al. 2022

Front. Microbiol.

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Mitochondria are important organelles involved in cell metabolism and programmed cell death in eukaryotic cells and are closely related to the innate immunity of host cells against viruses. Mitophagy is a process in which phagosomes selectively phagocytize damaged or dysfunctional mitochondria to form autophagosomes and is degraded by lysosomes, which control mitochondrial mass and maintain mitochondrial dynamics and cellular homeostasis. Innate immunity is an important part of the immune system and plays a vital role in eliminating viruses. Viral infection causes many physiological and pathological alterations in host cells, including mitophagy and innate immune pathways. Accumulating evidence suggests that some virus promote self-replication through regulating mitophagy-mediated innate immunity. Clarifying the regulatory relationships among mitochondria, mitophagy, innate immunity, and viral infection will shed new insight for pathogenic mechanisms and antiviral strategies. This review systemically summarizes the activation pathways of mitophagy and the relationship between mitochondria and innate immune signaling pathways, and then discusses the mechanisms of viruses on mitophagy and innate immunity and how viruses promote self-replication by regulating mitophagy-mediated innate immunity.

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Mechanisms involved in controlling RNA virus-induced intestinal inflammation

Cited by 11 publications

References 115 publications

Viroporins Manipulate Cellular Powerhouses and Modulate Innate Immunity

Viroporins Manipulate Cellular Powerhouses and Modulate Innate Immunity

The Role of Gut Dysbiosis in the Loss of Intestinal Immune Cell Functions and Viral Pathogenesis

Crosstalk between mitophagy and innate immunity in viral infection

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